Karakteristik Minyak Atsiri Bunga Kamboja Cendana Hasil Perlakuan Lama Curing dan Lama Ekstraksi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24843/JITPA.2016.v01.i01.p02Keywords:
bunga Kamboja Cendana, minyak atsiri, curing, lama ekstraksi, Plumeria alba, sandalwood frangipani flower, essential oil, extraction timeAbstract
Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh lama curing, lama ekstraksi, dan interaksinya terhadaprendemen dan karakteristik minyak atsiri bunga Kamboja Cendana, mendapatkan lama curing dan lamaekstraksi terbaik untuk menghasilkan karakteristik minyak atsiri bunga Kamboja Cendana, danmenentukan jenis dan komposisi senyawa dalam minyak atsiri bunga Kamboja Cendana. Penelitian inimenggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok pola faktorial. Faktor pertama (lama curing) terdiri dari 3 tarafyaitu: tanpa curing, curing 2 dan 4 hari, dan faktor kedua (lama ekstrasi) terdiri atas 3 taraf yaitu: 2, 3 dan4 jam. Masing-masing perlakuan dilakukan sebanyak 2 kali. Sampel diuji secara objektif dan subjektifuntuk menentukan perlakuan terbaik. Variabel objektif yang diamati yaitu rendemen dan komposisisenyawa dalam minyak atsiri bunga Kamboja Cendana. Variabel subjektif yang diamati yaitu kesukaanterhadap aroma dan tingkat kekuatan aroma minyak atsiri bunga Kamboja Cendana. Untuk menentukanperlakuan terbaik dilakukan uji efektivitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lama curing dan lamaekstraksi berpengaruh terhadap rendemen dan karakteristik minyak atsiri bunga Kamboja Cendana. Lamacuring 2 hari dengan lama ekstraksi 4 jam merupakan perlakuan terbaik untuk menghasilkan minyakatsiri bunga Kamboja Cendana dengan rendemen 1,17 %, nilai kesukaan terhadap aroma 5,8 (antara sukadengan sangat suka) dan kekuatan aroma 7,1 (paling kuat). Minyak atsiri bunga Kamboja Cendanamengandung 48 jenis senyawa dengan 9 senyawa tidak teridentifikasi. Senyawa penyusun minyak atsiribunga Kamboja Cendana terdiri dari golongan alkana (20,15%), ester (32,24%), keton(1,07%), alkena(0,83%), ether (1,08%), alkohol (23,29%), amida(1,24%), dan tidak teridentifikasi (20,09%).
Abstract
The aims of this study were to know the influence of curing time, extraction time and their interaction on yield and characteristics of essential oil of sandalwood frangipani flower, find out the best extraction time and curing time to produce essential oil of sandalwood frangipani flower, and determine kind and the composition of compounds in the essential oil of sandalwood frangipani flower. This research used randomized block design with factorial pattern. The first factor (curing time) consists of 3 level namely fresh material, curing 2 and 4 days and the second factor (extraction time) consists of 3 level namely 2, 3, and 4 hours. Each treatment was done twice. The best treatment was measured with effectiveness test. The results showed that the curing time and extraction time had significant effect on the yield and characteristics of essential oil of sandalwood frangipani flower. The curing 2 days and extraction time of 4 hours is the best treatment to produce essential oil of sandalwood frangipani flower. This characteristics are a yield of 1.17 %, the aroma preference of 5.8 (between like and really like) and aroma strength 7.1. The essential oil of sandalwood frangipani flower containing 48 kinds of compounds and 9 unidentified compounds Constituent compounds essential oil of sandalwood frangipani flowers consists of group alkane (20.15%), ester (32.24%), ketone (1.07%), alkene (0.83%), ether (1.08%), alcohol (23.29%), amide (1.24%), and un identified compounds (20.09%).
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