The THE STRUGGLE OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLE TOWARDS THE REORIENTATION OF BHISAMA IN FACING CULTURAL CAPITALIZATION IN TENGANAN DAUH TUKAD VILLAGE

Abstract

Tenganan Dauh Tukad Village, which is one of the Bali Aga Villages, has a bhisama that contains a prohibition on selling land to parties outside the village. Tenganan Dauh Tukad Village is now faced with the onslaught of capitalists who offer tourism development through a cooperation system. This is a challenge for the indigenous people of Tenganan Dauh Tukad Village to maintain the existence of traditions that they have such as bhisama. This study aims to identify the form of struggles that occured to the reorientation of Bhisama in Tenganan Dauh Tukad Village, to describe the phenomena underlying the struggles that occured to the reorientation of Bhisama in Tenganan Dauh Tukad Village, and to interpret implications of the struggle that occurred to the reorientation of Bhisama in Tenganan Dauh Tukad Village. This research is a qualitative study, using data collection methods such as observation, interviews, and document analysis. The theories used in this paper are the theory of practice by Pierre Bordieu and theory of power/knowledge relations by Michael Foucoult. A deductive approach is employed in the data analysis. The findings reveal that the reorientation of bhisama is carried out by the village head, towards his community. Bhisama is a construct, undergoes deconstruction due to certain interests, from a socio-spiritual ideology to a socio-economic ideology. Using the theories of Bourdieu and Foucault, discipline is implemented in society, allowing the village head to successfully seize his territory, which is the ongoing tourism development in Tenganan Dauh Tukad Village. There are three form of struggles occurs to the reorientation of bhisama in Tenganan Dauh Tukad Village, first is different perception of the bhisama and different perception of capitalist that invest in the village, second is competition between investors, and third is competition of right and obligations among Tenganan Dauh Tukad comunities. There are two factors that influence the struggles of reorientation bhisama, such as internal factor and external factor. The internal factors are lack of communication, differences in interests, and economic disparities. While external factors are caused by the entry of cultural capitalization, technological developments, and globalization. The implications of the struggles to the reorientation of bhisama including implication to the socio-cultural, socio-economic, and environment.

Keywords: the struggle, indigenous people, bhisama, cultural capitalization