Bali Membangun kembali Industri Pariwisata: 1950-an
Keywords:
tourism, 1950s, history, entrepreneurs, economic developmentAbstract
The period of nation-building following Indonesia’sindependence is still little documented. The creationof Bali’s tourist industry during the colonial period isbetter documented that the re-creation of the industry inthe post-War period. This period is important because itwas Balinese who became the main agents of the rebornindustry. The industry was built on three main pillars, theprovision of accommodation, the creation of souvenirsthrough the “Artshops”, and the creation of itineraries.Building on the remnants of the colonial period, Balineseresponded to interactions with a number of key Westernfigures, using them as guides to Western tastes and needs.Although the strategy of “Cultural Tourism” is usuallyascribed to the Suharto era, it was a product of Balineseagency in the period between 1950 and 1971.
Downloads
References
Asita Bali Tourist Organisation, private archives.
Bakker, Wim. 1985. Bali verbeeld. Delft: Volkenkundig Museum
Nusantara.
Cartier-Bresson, Henri and Antonin Artaud. 1954. Les danses à Bali.
Paris: Delpire.
Chegaray, Jacques. 1955. Bliss in Bali, transl. Princess Anne-Marie
Callimachi. London: Arthur Barker (transl. dari Bonheur à Bali,
L’île des Tabous, 1953).
Coast, John. 1954. Dancing out of Bali. London: Faber and Faber.
Darma Putra, I Nyoman dkk. 1994. Itinereri Asita Bali. Denpasar: DPD
Asita Bali.
Darma Putra, I Nyoman. 1997. “Pariwisata Budaya: Antara Polusi
dan Solusi, paper disampaikan pada Lokakarya Internasional
Pelestarian Warisan Budaya Bali, Denpasar 29 Juli.
Darma Putra, I Nyoman. 2003. Wanita Bali tempo doeloe: perspektif masa
kini. Denpasar: Bali Jani.
Darma Putra, I Nyoman. t.t. Pariwisata Denpasar: Kilas Balik dan
Tantangan ke Depan.
Data Ekonomi Regional Bali. 1969. Direktorat Tata Kota dan Daerah,
Direktorat Djendral Tjipta Karja, Departemen Pekerdjaan
Umum dan Tenaga Listrik (2 vols).
Direktorat Tatakota dan Daerah, 1965. Bali, Denpasar (?): Direktorat
Djendral Tjipta Karja, Departemen Pekerdjaaan Umum, 1965.
Elliott, Jan. 1997. Bersatoe kita berdiri bertjerai kita djatoeh [united
we stand divided we fall]: workers and unions in Jakarta, 1945-
1965, PhD Thesis, University of New South Wales.
Geertz, Clifford. 1963. Peddlers and princes: social development and
economic change in two Indonesian towns. Chicago: University
of Chicago Press.
Geria, I Wayan. 1975. ‘Konflik Sebagai Suatu Masalah dalam
Perkembangan Pariwisata Budaya’, dalam I Gusti Ngurah
Bagus ed., Bali dalam Sentuhan Pariwisata, h. 77-84. Denpasar:
Universitas Udayana.
Kam, Garret. 1993. Perceptions of paradise: images of Bali in the arts.
Ubud: Yayasan Dharma Seni Museum Neka.
Kattopo E. 1958.Bali, Pulau Kahjangan. Bandung/Jakarta: Ganaca.
Last, Jef. 1955. Bali in de kentering. Amsterdam: De Bezige Bij.
McPhee, Colin. 1947. A house in Bali. London, Victor Gollancz.
Pendit, Nyoman S. 1965. Pengantar ilmu pariwisata, Djakarta: Djembatan.
Pendit, Nyoman S. 1996. Hindu Dharma abad XXI: kesejahteraan global
bagi umat manusia. Denpasar: Yayasan Dharma Naradha.
Pendit, Nyoman S. 1992.‘Jadi pramuwisata lewat pengalaman’,
Cakrawala Pariwisata 3,15 (Juni-Juli 1992): 13-15.
Pendit, Nyoman S. 1997.‘Pariwisata bermula dari tamasya’, Suara
Karya 10-9-97:13 & 15.
Picard, Michel. 1996. Bali: cultural tourism and touristic culture.
Singapore: Archipelago Press.
Robinson, Geoffrey. 1995. The dark side of paradise: political violence in
Bali. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press.
Soe Lie Piet. 193?. Pengoendjoekan poelo Bali atawa gids Bali. Malang:
Paragon Press.
Soe Lie Piet .1935. Melantjong ke Bali. Soerabaia: Tan’s Drukkerij.
Soe Lie Piet. 1954. Pengantar ke Bali. Djakarta: Magic Carpet Book.
Stuart-Fox, David J. 1992. Bibliography of Bali: publications from
1920 to 1990. Leiden: KITLV Press.
Sukawati, Tjokorda Gde A. 1979. Reminiscences of a Balinese Prince,
as dictated to Rosemary Hilbery. Honolulu: University of
Hawaii Southeast Asian Studies Southeast Asia Paper No.14.
Tarnutzer, Andreas 1993Kota adat Denpasar (Bali): Sadtentwicklung,
staatliches Handeln und endogene Institutionen. Zurich:
Geographisches Instiut Universtität Zürich.
Wijaya, I N. 2000.‘1950s lifestyles in Denpasar through the eyes of
short story writers’, in: Adrian Vickers and I Nyoman Darma
Putra with Michele Ford (eds.), To change Bali: essays in honour
of I Gusti Ngurah Bagus, pp. 113-134, Denpasar: Bali Post.
Wijaya, I N. 2010.Mencintai diri sendiri: gerakan Ajeg Bali dalam
sejarah kebudayaan Bali 1910-2007. PhD thesis, Universitas
Gadjah Mada.













