Aspek Ritual pada Sistem Irigasi Subak sebagai Warisan Budaya Dunia

Abstract

This paper introduces some ritual activities performed by
individual farmer within subak system. Subak is farmers
managed irrigation system which has an irrigation water
source irrigated to certain compound of rice fields and has
a particular temple. The ritual ceremony is a part of important
thing of Tri Hita Karana (THK) implementation, namely
parhyangan aspect presenting the harmonious relationship
between farmer and the God. The other components of THK
are pawongan (the harmonious relationship among subak’s
members) through the implementation of subak’s regulation
(awig-awig); and palemahan presenting the harmonious
relationship between farmer and environment through the
rice field terrace maintenance. There are 16 activities of ritual
ceremonies individually performed by farmer as subak’s
member starting from the ritual of fetching irrigation water
until the post-harvest ritual ceremony. Aside from this, there
are also ritual ceremonies conducted by the all members at
the subak level. Subak also has ritual ceremonies carried out
together with the other subaks in the temples located near the
dam, lake and others. These ritual activities constitute as a
cultural practices conducted by subak. Therefore, subak has
been regarded as the keeper of Balinese culture by implementing
THK, thus UNESCO has acknowledged subak as
world cultural heritage.