Sonic Hybridity, Cultural Continuity, and Musical Identity: Gamelan Pesel in Contemporary Bali
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24843/JKB.2025.v15.i03.p01Keywords:
gamelan pesel, sonic hybridity, progressive traditionalism, Balinese music, cultural continuityAbstract
This article examines gamelan pesel, an innovative hybrid ensemble created by I Wayan Arik Wirawan that fuses the sonic and material characteristics of semar pegulingan and selonding. Through qualitative methods, including organological analysis, participant observation, interviews, and digital ethnography, this research explores how gamelan pesel embodies “sonic hybridity,” a process through which Balinese musicians negotiate between tradition and innovation. The findings reveal that gamelan pesel’s creative design integrates bronze and iron instruments to generate a new timbral spectrum, while its unique tuning system and intercontextual performances across ritual, social-cultural, and digital media articulate a dynamic redefinition of Balinese musical identity. Rather than signaling a rupture with tradition, the ensemble exemplifies progressive traditionalism, where renewal sustains continuity. This study contributes to ethnomusicological and cultural discourse by illustrating how new ensembles can nurture cultural continuity through experimentation and adaptation.
References
Adler, C. (1998). Cross-cultural Hybridity in Music Composition: Southeast Asia in Three Works from America. https://christopheradler.com/hybridity98.pdf
Appadurai, A. (1996). Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization. University of Minnesota Press.
Arshiniwati, N. M., & Peradantha, I. B. G. S. (2025). Reviving the Sanghyang Grodog Ritual Dance: Promoting Social Harmony and Sustainable Cultural Tourism in Nusa Lembongan Island, Bali. Jurnal Kajian Bali (Journal of Bali Studies), 15(1), 61–91. https://doi.org/10.24843/JKB.2025.v15.i01.p03
Bakan, M. B. (1999). Music of Death and New Creation: Experiences in the World of Balinese Gamelan Beleganjur. The University of Chicago Press.
Bakan, M. B. (2019). World Music: Traditions and Transformations (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill.
Bandem, I. M. (2013). Gamelan Bali di Atas Panggung Sejarah. STIKOM Bali.
Barker, C. (2005). Culture Studies: Theory and Practice [Culture Studies: Teori dan Praktik] (Sixth). Bentang Pustaka.
Caliandro, A., Gandini, A., Bainotti, L., & Anselmi, G. (2024). The Platformisation of Consumer Culture: A Digital Methods Guide. Amsterdam University Press. https://doi.org/10.5117/9789463729567
Chung, J. T. (2015). Kajian Akustik Suling Bali dalam Gamelan Gong Kebyar [Thesis]. ISI Denpasar.
Clendinning, E. A. (2020). American Gamelan and the Ethnomusicological Imagination. University of Illinois Press. https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/34/monograph/book/78173
Clendinning, J. P., & Marvin, E. W. (2016). The Musician’s Guide to Theory and Analysis (3rd ed.). W.W. Norton & Company.
Divo, I. G. N. D. S. (2023). The Musical Aesthetics of “Likad” Composed by Dewa Ketut Alit. Journal of Aesthetics, Creativity and Art Management, 2(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.59997/jacam.v2i2.2805
Emielu, A. (2018). Tradition, Innovations, and Modernity in the Music of the Edo of Nigeria: Toward a Theory of Progressive Traditionalism. Ethnomusicology, 62(2), 206–229. https://doi.org/10.5406/ethnomusicology.62.2.0206
Hejny, Z. (2018, January). Versatility as Innovation: Getting to Know Gamelan Pesel. Insitu Recordings, 1. https://insiturecordings.org/article/versatility-as-innovation-getting-to-know-gamelan-pesel-by-zachary-hejny/
Hood, M. (1982). The Ethnomusicologist. The Kent State University Press.
Kartawan, I. M. (2014). Tuning in Gender Wayang: Voices, Concepts, and Analysis [MA Thesis.]. University of British Columbia.
Kraidy, M. (2006). Hybridity or The Cultural Logic of Globalization. Temple University Press.
Liliweri, A. (2003). Dasar-dasar Komunikasi Antar Budaya. Pustaka Pelajar.
McGraw, A. (1999). The Development of the Gamelan Semara Dana and the Expansion of the Modal System in Bali. Asian Music, 31(1), 63–93. https://doi.org/10.2307/834280.
Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1992). Qualitative Data Analysis: A Sourcebook of New Methods. [Analisis Data Kualitatif: Buku Sumber tentang Metode-Metode Baru] (C. R. Rohidi & Mulyarto, Trans.). Universitas Indonesia Press.
Moleong, L. J. (2011). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. PT. Remaja Rosdakarya.
Nettl, B. (2005). The Study of Ethnomusicology: Thirty-One Issues and Concepts (New ed). University of Illinois Press.
Nettl, B. (2015). The Study of Ethnomusicology: Thirty-Three Discussions. University of Illinois Press.
Piliang, Y. A. (2010). Dunia yang Dilipat: Tamasya Melampaui Batas-batas Kebudayaan. Jalasutra.
Pramana, I. P. R. B. (2025). Analisis Pengolahan Unsur Musikalitas Komposisi Musik “Jaya Baya” JES Gamelan Fusion. GHURNITA: Jurnal Seni Karawitan, 5(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.59997/jurnalsenikarawitan.v5i1.5420
Pramana, I. P. R. B., Santosa, H., Saptono, Yudarta, I. G., & Sutirtha, I. W. (2023). Unpacking the Form and Structure of Jaya Baya Music Composition in JES Gamelan Fusion. Gondang: Jurnal Seni Dan Budaya, 7(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.24114/gondang.v7i2.49581
Rai S, I. W. (1996). Balinese Gamelan Semar Pagulingan Saih Pitu: The Modal System [Ph.D. diss.]. University of Maryland Baltimore County.
Rai S, I. W. (2001). Rwa Bhineda dalam Berkesenian Bali. Mudra Jurnal Seni Budaya, 11, 147–151.
Rai S, I. W., Kartawan, I. M., Sadguna, I. G. M. I., Sadguna, I. G. A. J., & Srinatih, I. G. A. (2011). Rebab dalam Seni Pertunjukan Bali. UPT Penerbitan ISI Denpasar.
Rembang, I. N. (1984). Sekelumit Cara-cara Pembuatan Gamelan Bali. Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Direktorat Jenderal Kebudayaan, Proyek Pengembangan Kesenian Bali.
Sadguna, I. G. M. I. (2010). Kendang Bebarongan dalam Karawitan Bali: Sebuah Kajian Organologi. Program Beasiswa Unggulan ISI Denpasar.
Sadguna, I. G. M. I. (2018). Kendang Arja dalam Karawitan Bali: Sebuah Kajian Etnomusikologi [Research].
Sadguna, I. G. M. I. (2022). The Art of Balinese Kendang: Drumming, Improvisation, Interaction, and Dance Accompaniment in Gamelan Gong Kebyar [Ph.D., The Florida State University]. https://www.proquest.com/pqdtglobal/docview/2705428745/abstract/20BBB119363A4F88PQ/1
Sadguna, I. G. M. I., & Sutirtha, I. W. (2017). Genggong Dalam Karawitan Bali: Sebuah Kajian Etnomusikologi. Segara Widya: Jurnal Penelitian Seni, 3. https://doi.org/10.31091/sw.v3i0.202
Senen, I. W. (2002). Wayan Beratha: Pembaharu Gamelan Kebyar Bali. Tarawang Press.
Sinti, I. W., & Sanger, A. (2006). Gamelan Manikasanti: One Ensemble, Many Musics. Asian Music, 37(2), 34–57.
Smith, N. T., Peters, P., & Molina, K. (Eds.). (2024). Classical Music Futures: Practices of Innovation. Open Book Publishers. https://doi.org/10.11647/OBP.0353
Smith, O. (2019). GENETIK: An Analytical Study of the Contemporary Gamelan Music of Dewa Ketut Alit [The University of Sydney]. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/22218.
Smith, O. (2020). Waringin: Recording a Composition with Gamelan Salukat, a Crossroads of Music and Culture. Nota Bene: Canadian Undergraduate Journal of Musicology, 13(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.5206/notabene.v13i1.8590
Sudirana, I. W. (2013). Borrowing, Stealing, Transforming: Cross-cultural Influences in Balinese Neo-Traditional Composition. In K. Stepputat (Ed.), Performing Arts in Postmodern Bali: Changing Interpretations, Founding Traditions (Vol. 24, pp. 165–185). Shaker Verlag/Graz Studies in Ethnomusicology.
Sudirana, I. W. (2024). Searching for the Unusual: New Methods of Composing for Gamelan. Contemporary Music Review, 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/07494467.2024.2391158
Sudirga, I. K. (2020). Innovation and Change in Approaches to Balinese Gamelan Composition. Malaysian Journal of Music, 9, 42–54. https://doi.org/10.37134/mjm.vol9.4.2020
Sudirga, I. K., Hood, M. M., & Yulianti, N. K. D. (2024). Strengthening Ideological Values through Pasantian Singing: Problematizing the Nexus Between Local Cultural Practices and Globality in Bali. Jurnal Kajian Bali (Journal of Bali Studies), 14(2), 348–372. https://doi.org/10.24843/JKB.2024.v14.i02.p03
Sugiartha, I. G. A. (2015). Lekesan: Fenomena Seni Musik di Bali. UPT Penerbitan ISI Denpasar.
Sugiono. (2020). Cara Mudah Menyusun Skripsi, Tesis, dan Disertasi. Alvabeta.
Suharta, I. W., Sari, N. L. D. I. D., & Sadguna, I. G. M. I. (2024). Social Solidarity and Cultural Preservation: The Role of Female Sekaa Gong in Ubud. Gelar : Jurnal Seni Budaya, 22(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.33153/glr.v22i1.5913
Suharta, I. W., Suarka, I. N., Cika, I. W., & Setiawan, I. K. (2020). Effect of Gamelan Selonding Commodification on Balinese Society. 4(1).
Sukerta, P. M. (2009). Gong Kebyar Buleleng: Perubahan dan Keberlanjutan Tradisi Gong Kebyar. Program Pascasarjana ISI Surakarta.
Surya, I. G. G., Putra, I. N. D., & Gelgel, N. M. R. A. (2024). The Balinese Gamelan Phenomenon in Digital Simulation. E-Journal of Cultural Studies, 17(3), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.24843/cs.2024.v17.i03.p01
Tenzer, M. (Ed.). (2006). Analytical Studies in World Music. Oxford University Press.
Tenzer, M. (2018). Chasing the Phantom: Features of a Supracultural New Music. Music Theory Online, 24(1). https://doi.org/10.30535/mto.24.1.7
Tilley, L. A. (2021). The Spoken and the Unspoken: A Pedagogical Perspective on Balinese Gamelan. Balungan: A Publication of the American Gamelan Institute, 15. https://www.gamelan.org/balungan/issues/V15/
Tusan, P. W. (2002). Selonding, Tinjaun Gamelan Bali Kuna Abad X-XIV: Suatu Kajian Berdasarkan Data Prasasti, Karya Sastra, dan Artefak. Citra Lekha Sanggraha.
Widiana, I. W. P. (2019). Karakteristik Gamelan Selonding Bebandem Dan Selonding Tenganan: Studi Komparasi Intramusikal. Mudra Jurnal Seni Budaya, 34(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.31091/mudra.v34i1.637
Zandra, R. A., & Hidayatullah, H. T. (2024). The Existence of Indonesian Local Performing Arts in the Digital Era: A Quantitative Content Analysis of Trending TikTok Videos. Dewa Ruci: Jurnal Pengkajian Dan Penciptaan Seni, 19(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.33153/dewaruci.v19i2.6131













