Characteristics Of Bio-Pellets Made From Ceper Canang Waste Under Varied Tapioca Adhesive Concentrations And Drying Durations

Abstract

The high intensity of religious rituals in Bali has increased organic waste volume, particularly canang waste. The ceper part of canang, made from young coconut leaves, has potential as a biomass source due to its high lignocellulosic content; however, its utilization as alternative energy remains limited. This study aimed to determine the effects of tapioca adhesive concentration and drying duration on the characteristics of bio-pellets from ceper canang waste, and to identify the best treatment according to SNI 8021-2014 standards. This study employed a factorial Randomized Block Design with two factors: tapioca adhesive concentration (10%, 20%, 30%) and drying duration (1, 2, 3 hours) at 90°C. Parameters observed included yield, moisture content, ash content, volatile matter content, density, and calorific value.Results showed that the interaction between adhesive concentration and drying duration significantly affected all bio-pellet characteristics. Yield values ranged from 50.25–81.00%, moisture content 2.50–7.20%, ash content 3.21–8.05%, volatile matter content 32.19–75.07%, density 0.630–0.843 g/cm³, and calorific value 2328.31–4150.54 cal/g. The best treatment was a combination of 30% adhesive concentration and 3 hours of drying (A3T3), producing 3.51% moisture content, 8.05% ash content, 61.22% volatile matter content, 0.843 g/cm³ density, and 4012.88 cal/g calorific value. Under this treatment, the bio-pellet characteristics met SNI 8021-2014 quality standards for moisture content, volatile matter content, density, and calorific value, although the ash content remained above the maximum threshold.