Characteristics Of Bidara Leaf Extract (Ziziphus mauritina L.) By Particle Size And Extraction Temperature Treatment

Abstract

Bidara leaf  (Ziziphus mauritiana L.) are a rich source of bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, phenolics, and saponins, which exhibit antioxidant and surfactant properties. re a source of bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, phenols, and saponins that act as antioxidants and surfactants. This study aims to determine the effect of particle size and extraction temperature on the characteristics of bidara leaf extract as a source of saponins and to determine the best particle size and extraction temperature to produce bidara leaf extract as a source of saponins. Extraction was carried out using the maceration method with 86% methanol solvent for 48 hours. The study was designed using a factorial Randomized Block Design with two factors, namely particle size (40, 60, and 80 mesh) and extraction temperature (40°C, 50°C, and 60°C). The variables observed included yield, crude saponin content, foam height, and antioxidant capacity. Analysis was carried out using variance analysis and further Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The results showed that particle size and extraction temperature significantly affected all variables, while antioxidant capacity was significantly influenced by the interaction of the two factors. The results of the effectiveness index test showed that the combination of 80 mesh particle size and 40°C extraction temperature was the best treatment to produce bidara leaf extract with characteristics of 18.44% yield, 34.04% saponin content, 34.83 mm foam height, and 3.71 mg GAEAC/g antioxidant capacity.