Characteristics of Cornstarch and Glucomannan Bioplastik Composites on Treatment of Type and Concentration of Filler

Abstract

This study aims to know the effect of the type and concentration of filler on the characteristics of cornstarch  and glucomannan bioplastic composites, and determine the type and concentration of fillers that can produce  bioplastic composites that meet the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) and International Standard. This study  used a randomized block design with two factors. Factor I is a type of filler consisting of ZnO, CaCO3, clay,  nanocellulose. Factor II is the concentration of filler which consists of 4 levels, namely 0%; 5%; 10%; 15%.  This experiment resulted in 16 treatment combinations and were grouped into 2 groups so that 32 experimental  units were obtained. The data were analyzed for diversity and continued with the Tukey test using Minitab17  software. The results showed that the type and concentration of filler had a very significant effect on tensile  strength, elongation, modulus young, swelling, biodegradation and had a significant effect on WVTR. The  interaction has a very significant effect on tensile strength, modulus young, swelling, WVTR and has a  significant effect on elongation and biodegradation. Cornstarch and glucomannan bioplastic composites that  meet the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) and International Standard on tensile strength and  biodegradation variables using nanocellulose fillers with concentrations of 10% and 15% which have tensile  strength characteristics of 15,23 and 16,93 MPa, elongation at break of 11,47 and 10,76 %, modulus young  of 132,81 and 158,61 MPa, swelling of 68,93 and 69,58 %, WVTR 1,18 and 1,24 g/m2.hr, biodegradation rate  for a long time 7 days. Maizene and glucomannan bioplastic composites contain hydrocarbon functional  groups -(CH2)n, carboxyl (C-O), alkene (C=C), alkyne (C≡C), hydroxyl carboxylic acid (O-H), hydroxyl  alcohol (O-H), carbonyl (C=O) and aromatic compounds (C-H).