Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Sipil is an online periodical journal of science that is published twice a year, in March and September by the Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Udayana University. Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Sipil is a media to publish the results of scientific research students, academics, practitioners, and observers in the field of Civil Engineering including Structure, Construction Management, Water Resource Management, Transportation, and Geotechnical.
Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Sipil, Vol. 29 No. 2, September 2025
Cover and TOC Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Sipil, Vol. 29 No. 2, September 2025
Copyright (c) 2025 Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Sipil https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
IMPLEMENTATION OF BIM 5D IN THE IMPLEMENTATION PLAN OF THE TRANS SUMATRA – JAMBI TOLL ROAD WITH CIVIL 3D AND NAVISWORK
Significant contributions to technological advancement are helpful in various aspects of work. In Circular Letter 11/SE/Db/2021, it is emphasized that the use of Building Information Modelling (BIM) must be applied in the planning stage of highway construction. 3D and 5D modeling can be done using Autodesk Civil 3D, while 4D modeling can be facilitated through Autodesk Navisworks. This study takes the Trans Sumatra Jambi Toll Road Project as an object of study with the aim of modeling toll roads using BIM-based Autodesk Civil 3D, analyzing the estimated costs from the modeling results, and visualizing the progress plan of mainroad work at a certain time through Autodesk Navisworks. Secondary data includes DED, BoQ and HSP. Modeling was performed on Autodesk Civil 3D including modeling of excavations and embankments as well as road pavement and drainage structures, Clash detection using Autodesk Naviswork, volume of work integrated using Microsoft Project and time simulation using Autodesk Naviswork. The results of the study show that from the modeling that has been carried out, the estimated cost of mainroad work has a deviation of -3.24% from the BoQ document. Comparison of data shows that the estimated volume and cost generated using the Autodesk Civil 3D BIM method is smaller than the conventional method. Simulated mainroad work progress display using Autodesk Naviswork software shows construction simulations, time progress tracking, and cost estimation in an integrated and informative manner to support project decision-making.
STUDENT’S PREFERENCE ON CARPOOLING IN UNIVERSITI MALAYA
This study is to understand student’s preference whenever they carpool in university. On top of that, promoting this program to the students is essential to make carpooling a preferable transportation mode. To be able to understand the current situation, questionnaires are distributed around the university. The sample would be random from different faculty, age and place of staying (whether in campus or outside of campus). The questions will be distributed around in the university through WhatsApp since the questions is in Google Form. Student’s main factor they consider whenever they carpool is cost. Daily expenditure of a student can affect one’s daily task. In order to sustain for their whole student life, they tend to plan and keep track of their expenses. Student’s safety can also be an issue especially when it comes to be a passenger of an unknown driver. People can take advantage to the passengers since the passenger cannot do anything to protect themselves. Police can’t really help if the victim cannot identify at least the plate number. Cleanliness of the vehicle is also a concern for vehicle’s owner. Most owners claim that they are unlikely to use their vehicle when it is just washed and cleaned. Suggestion as a rule in policy is made to make as beneficial for both driver and passenger. Method of promoting such method is essential to make students aware for its beneficial for others and environment.
Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Sipil, Vol. 29 No. 1, Maret 2025
Cover and TOC Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Sipil, Vol. 29 No. 1, Maret 2025
ENGINEERING DESIGN OF BREAKWATER STRUCTURES FOR COASTAL EROSION MITIGATION: A CASE STUDY IN SRAGI, SOUTH LAMPUNG
Kuala Jaya Beach, located in Bandar Agung Village, Sragi District, South Lampung, is experiencing severe coastal erosion, leading to shoreline retreat and degradation of coastal ecosystems. This study presents the engineering design of breakwater structures as a mitigation strategy. The design process considered key parameters, including significant wave height and period, Highest High Water Level (HHWL), wave refraction and breaking coefficients, wave set-up, projected sea level rise, wave run-up, and structural stability based on Terzaghi and Hudson equations. Wave characteristics were analyzed using a Weibull distribution for a 50-year return period, yielding a significant wave height of 2.26 m and a period of 6.98 s. Tidal analysis used the Admiralty method to determine an HHWL of 0.63 m. Three types of armor layers were evaluated: natural rock, concrete cubes, and geobags. The resulting crest widths were 2.0 m, 1.8 m, and 2.8 m, with corresponding elevations of 3.76 m, 3.0 m, and 3.6 m. Two breakwaters, 1000 m and 800 m in length, were positioned at a depth of 5 m near the wave-breaking zone. Stability analysis showed armor to secondary layer ratios of 2.4 for concrete cubes and 2.0 for natural rock. All designs allow controlled seepage, dissipating wave energy, and effectively preventing further shoreline retreat.
BATHYMETRIC-BASED SEDIMENTATION ASSESSMENT IN BALI’S VOLCANIC LAKES
The volcanic lakes of Bali, such as Batur, Beratan, Buyan, and Tamblingan, play a critical role in water provision, ecosystem services, and socio-cultural values. In addition to serving as raw water sources for irrigation, domestic use, dan tourism, these lakes also carry important conservation and spiritual functions embedded in Balinese cultural life. However, land-use changes, agricultural intensification, and tourism development within their catchments have accelerated erosion and sediment transport into the lakes. This sediment accumulation has resulted in lakebed shallowing and reduced storage capacity, thereby threatening the long-term sustainability of their hydrological and ecological functions. This study aims to examine sedimentation processes and potential shallowing through a 2024 bathymetric survey of Bali’s four main volcanic lakes. The analysis indicates an increase in sediment deposition between 2023 and 2024, with average thicknesses of 0.12 m in Lake Batur, 0.24 m in Lake Beratan, 0.49 m in Lake Buyan, and 1.56 m in Lake Tamblingan. Among these, Lake Tamblingan recorded the greatest thickness of sediment accumulation. These findings highlight the importance of regular monitoring of lake conditions. Bathymetric analysis can serve as a scientific basis for technical conservation planning, including dredging, upstream erosion control, and zoning of lake areas according to their vulnerability to sedimentation.
ANALYSIS OF IRRIGATION WATER QUALITY INDEX AND EVALUATION OF LAND SUITABILITY IN DRYLAND IRRIGATION SYSTEMS AS EFFORTS TO OPTIMIZE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY
The availability and quality of irrigation water is an important factor in ensuring the sustainability of agricultural productivity, especially in drylands that are prone to drought such as in Abang District, Karangasem Regency, Bali. This study aims to analyze surface water quality for irrigation and evaluate land suitability through a comparative approach between the National Sanitation Foundation-Water Quality Index (NSF-WQI) method and the Index of Surface Water Susceptibility to Pollution (IKAPP). Surface water samples from Tukad Nyuling were analyzed based on physical and chemical parameters, and land suitability evaluation was also conducted by considering soil characteristics, such as permeability. The results showed that NSF-WQI values ranged from 69.96 to 79.78 within moderate to high limits while IKAPP water quality index values ranged from 23.69 within low vulnerability limits, this could be due to salinity constraints and contaminant indicators. A comparative rational analysis was then conducted which indicated that NSF-WQI is more suitable for use in the study area because it is able to capture variations in water quality that correlate with local physical, hydrological, and agroecological conditions. Integration of NSF-WQI results with land evaluation resulted in specific land management recommendations as well as crop suitability classifications, such as corn, green beans, chili, and other horticulture. This study concludes that in addition to being a representative measure of irrigation water quality, the application of the analysis supports efforts to improve less suitable land, through measures such as crop suitability evaluation, salinity management, and soil permeability improvement, thereby increasing agricultural productivity and supporting sustainable dryland management in Abang Sub-district.
BEARING CAPACITY AND SETTLEMENT ANALYSIS OF DRILLED PILE FOUNDATION AT THE ASN-4 IKN APARTMENT CONSTRUCTION PROJECT
The relocation of the capital city requires the development of various essential infrastructures to support the functions of the National Capital. ASN-4 IKN Apartment is one of the vertical housing projects that implements land efficiency by constructing high-rise buildings. A thorough analysis of foundation bearing capacity and settlement is necessary, given the unique soil conditions and the lack of previous research in the area. If the foundation does not have sufficient bearing capacity, it may lead to settlement due to the loads applied above it. Therefore, both analyses are crucial during the planning process and should be monitored during implementation through load testing on drilled piles to obtain values for bearing capacity and settlement. This analysis aims to calculate and compare the bearing capacity and settlement of the foundation using analytical methods, the finite element method with the assistance of PLAXIS 2D software, and field load testing through the PDA Test. The ultimate bearing capacity results obtained from the Reese and Wright method are 1076,820 tons, with PLAXIS 2D software 805,576 tons, and from the PDA Test 727 tons. The percentage comparison of bearing capacity values between the Reese and Wright method and the finite element method against the PDA Test are 48,118% and 10,808%. Meanwhile, the settlement values using the empirical method are 10,082 mm, with PLAXIS 2D software 2,742 mm, and from the PDA Test 2,3 mm. The percentage comparison of settlement values between the empirical method and the finite element method against the PDA Test are 1,070% and 0,061%.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE FAILURE PATTERN OF COHESIVE SOIL UNDER FINNED SLABS THROUGH LOAD TESTING
Rapid infrastructure development demands reliable road pavement systems, especially on expansive and low-bearing capacity cohesive soils. This research investigates the addition of fins to pavement slabs as an innovative rigid pavement design. The study investigates how fins and their varying inclination angles 0°, 30°, 60°, 90° affect failure patterns and bearing capacity in cohesive soil. Tests on five slab types revealed distinct behaviors. Finless slabs and those with 90° fins showed shallow local shear failure. The 0° finned slab formed wedge failure due to stress concentration. Slabs with 30° and 60° fin inclinations exhibited a more distributed failure pattern with a wider plastic zone, indicating efficient stress distribution. The highest ultimate bearing capacity was achieved by 60° finned slab, reaching 10.60 kN, followed by the 30° finned slab at 6.20 kN. The 0° finned slab showed the bearing capacity at 3.53 kN. These significantly outperformed the finless slab at 3.40 kN and the 90° finned slab at 4.00 kN. These findings suggest that specific fin configurations can significantly improve slab performance on cohesive soil, offering a solution for problematic soil conditions in rigid pavement systems.
EFFECT OF ASPHALT CONTENT ON THE SURFACE TEXTURE OF ASPHALT CONCRETE-WEARING COURSE (AC-WC) MIXTURE
Road preservation is carried out as an effort to improve road quality, evaluated through surface roughness levels, considering that adequate road texture is a crucial factor in ensuring rider safety and comfort. This study aims to analyze the relationship between variations in asphalt content and the Mean Texture Depth (MTD) value in asphalt mixtures. Surface roughness measurements obtained through the Sand Patch Method are expressed as MTD values representing average texture depth. Results for asphalt contents of 5%, 5.5%, 6%, 6.5%, and 7% yielded MTD values of 0.59 mm, 0.54 mm, 0.48 mm, 0.36 mm, and 0.26 mm for the upper side; 0.45 mm, 0.48 mm, 0.41 mm, 0.32 mm, and 0.24 mm for the lower side; and 0.52 mm, 0.51 mm, 0.45 mm, 0.34 mm, and 0.25 mm for the combined upper-lower sides. The relationship between MTD and asphalt content was analyzed using linear regression with the coefficient of determination (R²) as the evaluation parameter. Asphalt content influenced texture depth by 66.34% (upper side), 47.3% (lower side), and 53.73% (combined sides). The Voids Filled with Bitumen (VFB) parameter significantly contributed to MTD variation, with influence levels of 41.3% (upper), 46.07% (lower), and 43.13% (combined). The analysis demonstrates that lower asphalt content produces rougher asphalt mixture surface textures. AC-WC mixture testing confirms that asphalt content affects MTD values.
Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Sipil, Vol. 28 No. 2, September 2024
Cover and TOC Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Sipil, Vol. 28 No. 2, September 2024
Copyright (c) 2024 Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Sipil https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
ROUTE SELECTION FOR PILE DISTRIBUTION AND INTERSECTION PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS ALONG THE ROUTE
The distribution of piles to the installation site requires consideration of various factors, including travel time and route conditions to allow delivery vehicles to maneuver freely. This research aims to determine the optimal time and alternative routes for delivering piles from PT. Satriacipta Astakencana, located at Jl. Prof. Dr. Ida Bagus Mantra Km. 14.5, Sukawati, Gianyar, to the NUGRAA Apartment project site on Jl. Pantai Batu Bolong Canggu. This is due to considerations of distance and delivery time, as well as the frequent traffic conflicts at the unsignalized intersection of Jl. Raya Canggu and Jl. Pantai Berawa. This study uses a method of collecting field survey data, observation, and literature studies. Route selection is based on the shortest distance and fastest time, while the delivery time through the intersection is determined according to the smallest average intersection delay. Based on the analysis, the alternative route via Route 1 from PT. Satriacipta Astakencana - Jl. Gatot Subroto- Jl. Raya Kerobokan - Jl. Raya Canggu - Jl. Pantai Batu Bolong to the delivery location, with a distance of 26.7 km, travel time of 49 minutes, and the selected departure time of 05.00 WITA, is recommended. The analysis shows that the intersection performance during peak hours (07.00-08.00 WITA) has an average delay of 40.42 seconds/smp at intersections I and II. The queue probability at both intersections has exceeded 100% with a level of service of E. Therefore, the suitable time to pass through the intersection is between 05.00-06.00 WITA with an average delay of 10.82 seconds/smp at intersection I and 10.12 seconds/smp at intersection II, with a level of service of B for both intersections..
THE EFFECT OF PRECURSOR-ACTIVATOR RATIO AND ACTIVATOR TYPE ON THE BULK DENSITY, COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH, AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF ABUAN PUMICE-BASED GEOPOLYMER BINDER
This research developed a geopolymer binder based on pumice waste from Abuan Village, Kintamani, which is rich in silica and alumina, with a composition of SiO₂ 55.90%, Al₂O₃ 12.00%, CaO 6.25%, and other metals around 8.61%. The activators used are Na₂SiO₃ combined with either NaOH or KOH at a concentration of 12 M, with precursor-activator (P/A) ratios of 75%:25%, 70%:30%, and 65%:35% and an alkali ratio of NS/NH at 2:1. Cube samples 50 x 50 x 50 mm were analyzed to measure bulk density and compressive strength at 7, 14, and 28 days after being cured in an oven at 80°C for 72 hours. The bulk density test results for samples using NaOH showed an increase as the P/A ratio increased, but a decrease as the testing age increased. Then, the bulk density results for KOH samples showed the opposite trend both in terms of P/A ratio and age. The average compressive strength test for NaOH samples increased with the P/A ratio, and while it fluctuated by age, it continued to increase overall. The KOH samples followed a similar trend in P/A ratio but tended to decrease over time. This behavior is influenced by the chemical and physical properties of the activators used. Microstructural analysis was conducted using X-Ray Diffraction (X-RD) on the samples with the lowest and highest compressive strength. New minerals formed in NaOH samples, including Sodium Aluminosilicate, Albite, and Anorthite, while KOH samples showed formations of Dipotassium Sulfate (VI) – Alpha, Ht, Albite, and Cristobalite.
A STUDY ON THE UTILIZATION OF RAINWATER HARVESTING FOR RAW WATER NEEDS IN A CAMPUS AREA
One of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is to ensure universal access to clean water. However, in practice, the availability of clean water often faces both quality and quantity challenges. Rainwater harvesting presents a viable alternative source of raw water that can be optimized to meet these needs. Preliminary observations at Universitas Tidar revealed that collected rainwater exhibited high turbidity levels and iron (Fe) content exceeding the quality standards set by the Indonesian Ministry of Health Regulation No. 32 of 2017. This study was conducted in the campus area of Universitas Tidar to evaluate the effectiveness of various activated carbon media thicknesses and contact times in improving rainwater quality. The treatment system utilized a Vertical Flow Roughing Filter (Upflow type) consisting of zeolite gravel, activated carbon, silica sand, volcanic sand, and a water filter housing unit. Three different thickness variations of activated carbon were tested. The results demonstrated significant improvements in water quality, particularly in reducing turbidity and iron content. The best performance was observed at the 60th minute using an 80 cm thickness of activated carbon, achieving 93% turbidity reduction and 99% iron removal efficiency. Based on these findings, the treated rainwater meets sanitation standards and can be safely used for sanitation purposes within the Universitas Tidar campus environment.
NONLINEAR ANALYSIS OF THE BEHAVIOR & PERFORMANCE OF MULTISTORY STEEL BUILDING STRUCTURES WITHOUT AND WITH STEEL PLATE SHEAR WALLS
Indonesia, as a region highly susceptible to earthquakes, necessitates the construction of earthquake-resistant buildings, particularly multi-story steel structures. Steel Plate Shear Walls (SPSWs) offer an effective solution for resisting lateral loads. This research compares the behavior and performance of three (3) building models: an Open Frame (OF) Model, a Uniform Thickness Steel Plate Shear Wall (SPSW-UT) Model, and a Varied Thicknesses Steel Plate Shear Wall (SPSW-VT) Model. Linear analysis are running with equivalent static to get the structural behaviour & pushover for nonlinear analysis to get the structural performance. In terms of structural behavior, the inclusion of SPSWs in both the SPSW-UT and SPSW-VT models significantly enhances structural stiffness, evidenced by a drastic reduction in the fundamental period compared to the OF Model (without SPSW). The SPSW-UT Model reduces inter-story drift by up to 34.23% (X-direction) and 50.69% (Y-direction), while the SPSW-VT Model also shows similar reductions of up to 30.98% (X-direction) and 49.80% (Y-direction) compared to the OF Model. From a performance point view’s, the SPSW-UT Model increases the maximum base shear by up to 20.19% (X-direction) and 32.29% (Y-direction), while the SPSW-VT Model increases it by up to 13.34% (X-direction) and 25.96% (Y-direction) compared to the OF Model. Furthermore, both SPSW models achieve an Immediate Occupancy (IO) performance level for both pushover directions, whereas the OF Model only reaches IO in the X-direction and Damage Control (DC) in the Y-direction, demonstrating a significant performance improvement due to the use of steel plate shear walls.
CLASH DETECTION ANALYSIS OF RSIA BUILDING CONSTRUCTION USING AUTODESK REVIT AND NAVISWORKS
Clashes between objects in construction projects often lead to delays, increased costs, and rework due to a lack of coordination between disciplines and the limitations of traditional clash detection technologies. This study evaluates the effectiveness of implementing clash detection based on Building Information Modeling (BIM) using Autodesk Revit and Navisworks in reducing rework, additional costs, and project duration. The research adopts a quantitative method using secondary data, including 3D models, time schedules, and Unit Price Analysis. The analysis identified a total of 964 clashes, consisting of 274 structure-MP clashes, 603 architectural-MP clashes, and 87 structure-architectural clashes. The implementation of clash detection resulted in a rework reduction of 0.34% and a total cost saving of 4.63%, which includes savings in structural work (0.08%), architectural work (7.76%), and mechanical-plumbing work (0.06%). Avoided rework includes the demolition of 4.93 m³ of concrete, 70.81 m² of walls, 1051.11 m² of ducting relayout, and 1.05 m of pipe relocation. Additionally, the potential time saving is estimated at 41.7 days or 7.79% of the total project duration.
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF SLOPE STABILITY REINFORCED WITH CORRUGATED CONCRETE SHEET PILE
Slope instability is a major geotechnical challenge in coastal and soft ground areas, often leading to structural damage and safety hazards. This study presents a numerical analysis of slope stability in Tanjung Batu, East Kalimantan, focusing on the effect of using Corrugated Concrete Sheet Pile (CCSP) as a slope reinforcement system. The analysis was conducted using PLAXIS 2D, applying the finite element method and strength reduction technique to evaluate changes in safety factor due to the installation of CCSP. The results show that the implementation of CCSP reinforcement significantly improves the slope's factor of safety, indicating increased stability under site-specific loading and soil conditions. In addition, deflection and structural performance evaluations of the selected sheet pile type (CCSP W-400) reveal that the maximum bending moment remains below both the cracking and ultimate moment capacities, confirming the adequacy of the structural design. This research demonstrates that CCSP is not only effective in improving slope stability but also structurally reliable under expected field conditions. The findings support the use of prefabricated concrete sheet piles as a practical and efficient solution for slope stabilization in similar geotechnical environments. Further studies incorporating field data and long-term performance monitoring are recommended.
ANALYSIS OF HEAVY EQUIPMENT USAGE FOR INLET CONDUIT WORK ON CIJUREY DAM PROJECT PACKAGE 1
Earth excavation work cannot be separated from the use of heavy equipment, where job performance is expected to be completed in a fast time at a minimum cost. Thus, it is necessary to calculate tool productivity to determine the combination of heavy equipment usage in a job. The productivity of heavy equipment can be determined based on the cycle time of working tools, where the cycle time of each tool has a difference depending on the size of the tool and the type of material being worked on. The method used by comparing productivity between heavy equipment is calculated by observing the cycle time of heavy equipment in completing the work. The productivity comparison obtained is used to calculate the most efficient tool requirements in a job which then calculates the costs that need to be incurred to complete a job. In this case, the efficiency of the combination of heavy equipment fleets can be done if the productivity between tools is far enough adrift. This efficiency value can affect the length of working time or equipment costs, or both. In this study, the efficiency of heavy equipment in the earth excavation work of the Cijurey Dam inlet area can be done through changes in the combination of heavy equipment fleets which originally used two excavators and four dump trucks to three excavators and four dump trucks. The results of heavy equipment efficiency show an acceleration of work time and a reduction in cost expenditure, the new fleet change of heavy equipment is using fleet 3 which can streamline time up to 80 working hours and reduces costs by Rp97,543,226.67.
EVALUATION OF REAL NEEDS NUMBER FOR OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF DAMS IN BALI PROVINCE
An increase in population by 1.04% and crop area by 14.08% in Bali Province, will also increase the water needs. Dam as water infrastructure that supports water availability, is needed in overcoming the problem. Dams require operation and maintenance (O&M) to keep function optimally. Operation and maintenance costs need to be evaluated periodically with the real needs of operation and maintenance. Real needs of operation and maintenance suitability can guarantee the optimal functioning of the dam. This study evaluated the suitability of Balinese dam’s operation and maintenance, namely Benel Dam, Telaga Tunjung Dam, Gerokgak Dam, and Palasari Dam. Dam performance appraisals include physical, operational security, and institutional ranging from 0 to 100. The results the grouped into good, enough, less, and bad category. All four dams got “enough”, so their real needs number for operation and maintenance need to be evaluated. The evaluation showed that Gerogkak Dam had the largest real needs number for operation and maintenance value, which is IDR 28,767,099,149. The real needs of operation and maintenance value is consisted of ≥ 90% dredging’s cost. Dredging’s cost us mainly influenced by sediment’s volume. So, to reduce sediment’s volume and improve dam’s performance for irrigation, it is necessary to increase the efficiency of dam’s operation and maintenance. Efficient dam operation also necessary due to the limited operators. Building efficiencies that control sediment and water supply, must be increase aligned with water needs and reservoir conditions.
DEMAND ANALYSIS OF TAXI AND PUBLIC RENTAL TRANSPORTATION AT I GUSTI NGURAH RAI INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT BALI
: I Gusti Ngurah Rai International Airport is one of Indonesia’s primary air transportation gateways, which has experienced a significant increase in passenger mobility following the Covid-19 pandemic. With the rising number of arriving passengers, the demand for ground transportation to and from the airport has become a crucial aspect of travel connectivity. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of transportation mode users, the probability of selecting taxis and rental transportations, as well as the optimal fleet requirements at I Gusti Ngurah Rai International Airport. The research employs a stated preference technique with a binary logit difference model analysis. Primary data were obtained through surveys of domestic passengers and ground transportation drivers in the domestic arrival area, while secondary data were collected from various relevant agencies. The results indicate that the probability of users choosing a taxi is 2.32% and that of choosing a rental transportation is 3.86%. Consequently, the projected requirements are 27 taxi units and 44 rental transportation units in 2025, 30 taxi units and 51 rental transportation units in 2030, and 35 taxi units and 58 rental transportation units in 2035, based on the demand level of domestic flight passengers. The number of taxis and rental transportations currently available at I Gusti Ngurah Rai International Airport exceeds the projected fleet requirements.
ANALYSIS OF THE OPERATIONAL PATTERN OF THE BILI-BILI RESERVOIR IN GOWA DISTRICT, SOUTH SULAWESI PROVINCE
The Bili-Bili Reservoir serves multiple purposes, including flood control, raw water supply, irrigation, and hydropower generation. In 2021, significant discrepancies were observed between the Annual Reservoir Operation Plan (AROP) and the actual Reservoir Operation Pattern (ROP). during the first 15 days of December 2021, the AROP targeted a rest water level (RWL) of +77.34 m with a planned discharge of 20.27 m³/sec. In contrast, the realized RWL reached +92.35 m with an actual discharge of 45 m³/sec. This study aims to analyze the causes of these differences and compare the reservoir operations outlined in the AROP with those reflected in actual utilization, using an operational pattern simulation based on variations in irrigation water requirement (IWR). Analysis using a dependable flow of 80% shows that the total IWR in the AROP is only 69% of the IWR calculated from actual reservoir utilization, likely due to declining inflow trends and an operational pattern that adjusts to inflow magnitude and rainfall. Meanwhile, the realized IWR is 32% greater than the utilization analysis and 91% greater than the AROP, indicating that the reservoir released more water than planned, following actual inflow conditions. This study highlights the need for more adaptive reservoir operation planning to ensure effective water resource management.
EVALUATION OF THE SEDIMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN IN A FORESTED STEEP CATCHMENT RESERVOIR
Gerokgak Reservoir in northern Bali plays a key role in supporting irrigation for Subak Gede Gerokgak. However, ongoing sedimentation threatens its storage capacity and long-term performance. This study evaluates the sedimentation risk management plan by Balai Wilayah Sungai (BWS), focusing on the effectiveness of the current dredging schedule and storage allocation. Using the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) with land use, topographic, and rainfall data, the annual sediment yield was estimated at 29,277.85 m³, with a Sediment Delivery Ratio of 18.6 percent. Comparison with historical data showed only a 3 percent margin of error. Without additional dredging, dead storage is projected to be filled within 8 years, far before the 20-year target in the current plan. To meet that target, 0.59 million m³ of storage is needed, requiring 0.299 million m³ of extra dredging. These findings underscore the need to integrate sediment yield analysis into planning for more adaptive and effective reservoir management
THICKNESS PLANNING FOR RIGID PAVEMENT OF REACH STACKER LANES IN THE CONTAINER YARD AREA OF EX-JICT 2, TANJUNG PRIOK PORT, PT PELABUHAN INDONESIA
This research discusses the planning of Reach stacker routes in the Ex-JICT 2 Container Yard area of the Tanjung Priok Port, PT Pelabuhan Indonesia. The background of this research is the increasing need for port efficiency to support domestic and international goods distribution. Reach stackers were chosen due to their flexibility in moving containers, however, the movement of this equipment requires routes that meet standards to ensure safety and efficiency. This research uses a structural design method for port pavement designed to withstand Reach stacker loads for 20 years using Interpave, British Precast Standard. The analysis includes wheel loads, wheel proximity factors, dynamic loads, and optimal pavement thickness. The results show that C35/45 concrete material is more recommended than C32/40 with a fiber steel mixture and C8/10 CBGM pavement with CBP, as it has higher compressive strength and better resistance to heavy loads.
RISK IDENTIFICATION AND COST ESTIMATION FOR OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH (OSH) ON THE GPDI CHURCH CONSTRUCTION PROJECT IN KUTA
Occupational Safety and Health (K3) has been regulated in national regulations and international standards such as OSHA, but BPJS Ketenagakerjaan reported that cases of work accidents increased from 3,174 in 2022 to 5,508 by August 2024. The construction project of the Pentecostal Church Building in Kuta, with an K3 budget of only 0.25% of the project value of IDR 7,444,833,207.00, is below the standard set by the Circular of the Director General of Construction Development in 2018 of 1% to 2.5%. This study aims to identify risks using the Job Safety Analysis (JSA) method and examine the appropriate K3 cost estimates. Primary data is in the form of the number of workers, while secondary data is taken from project documents such as time schedules, planning drawings, Bill Of Quantity (BOQ), and AHSP Badung Regency. Risk analysis is carried out with JSA, identifying work, hazards, and risks using a risk matrix. The K3 cost estimate is calculated from the need for PPE, training, and other K3 facilities, then compared to the total project value. The results of the study showed that 7.27% of risks were identified as very high, 50.91% as high, 40% as medium, and 1.82% as small. The estimated K3 cost required is Rp145,082,002.07 or 1.9% of the project value.
ANALYSIS OF VEHICLE LOADING AND UNLOADING OPERATIONS AT THE VEHICLE YARD OF THE INTERNATIONAL TERMINAL AT TANJUNG PRIOK PORT IN RESPONSE TO THE SURGE IN VEHICLE VOLUME
The vehicle terminal is a special port for loading and unloading vehicles in the form of Completely Built Up (CBU), Trucks, Heavy Tractors, and spare parts. In Indonesia, there is the second largest vehicle terminal gate in Southeast Asia, namely the Tanjung Priok Vehicle Terminal. The export of Indonesian vehicles through Tanjung Priok reached its highest point in 2018, amounting to 264,533 units. Meanwhile, the vehicle import policy in Indonesia is not supported by building a manufacturing center which will reduce the country's dependence on car imports. So it is necessary to analyze the height of the accumulation field of the Tanjung Priok Port International Vehicle Terminal in order to meet the increasing number of vehicles. In this research, it examines the risk of vehicle terminal buildup field and vehicle terminal operation management authority in order to reduce the number of piling field requirements. The data analysis of the stacking field uses a multivariate regression model to review the predicted increase in the number of vehicles until 2030. Meanwhile, the frequency analysis uses the monte carlo simulation to obtain a more effective time duration in vehicle terminal management. The results of the accumulation of field data analysis for important criteria are still sufficient. Meanwhile, the criteria for export and total criteria are not sufficient for 2026 and 2030, respectively. The results of the analysis show that the change in the area of the dumpsite is smaller due to the effectiveness of terminal vehicle management time.
PIER PERFORMANCE LEVEL OF JAKARTA-BANDUNG HIGH SPEED RAILWAY WITH ISOLATOR UNDER EARTHQUAKE LOADS USING TIME HISTORY ANALYSIS
This study analyzes the performance level of a typical pier structure on the Jakarta-Bandung High-Speed Railway (HSR) bridge located in the Bandung area, focusing on the effects of seismic loads. The structure utilizes double spherical bearings (isolators), and its performance is compared with a similar structure without isolators to evaluate the isolators’ effectiveness under design-level earthquakes. A Non-linear Time History Analysis (NLTHA) was conducted using 11 pairs of ground motion records. These motions were scaled to match the target response spectrum for Bandung using amplitude scaling in the DeepSoil program. Structural analysis was carried out using Midas Civil to determine the seismic performance levels of the piers Additionally, pier displacements were examined to further assess isolator performance. The results show that the structure equipped with isolators maintained a Fully Operational (FO) performance level, indicating minimal damage and full functionality after the earthquake. In contrast, the structure without isolators surpassed the elastic range but remained within the Immediate Occupancy (IO) performance level, suggesting minor damage but continued usability. These findings confirm that the use of isolators significantly enhances the seismic resilience of bridge piers in high-speed railway.
CONTROLLING CONSTRUCTION’S TIME AND COST OF PUSKESMAS WITH EARNED VALUE METHOD
On a project there are always some problems there are caused by cost and time. In the implementation of projects it is very rare that it can go exactly as planned. In avoiding losses in development work activities, cost and time control is used with a concept commonly called the Earned Value concept method. The purpose of writing this paper is to analyze the cost and time performance in completing the Lumbang Puskesmas Building project, Kabupaten Probolinggo using the Earned Value method. The performance results of project implementation based on the concept of earned value from ACWP are Rp. 4,624,935,401, BCWS and BCWP values are Rp. 4,624,935,404. based on the ACWP, BCWS and BCWP values, the value of Cost Variance (CV) is Rp 3.40 and Schedule Variance (SV) is equal to zero. The values of SPI and CPI are equal to 1. The estimated project completion time is 150 days which is the same as the project plan time. The estimated final cost of the project is Rp. 4,624,935,397 which shows that the costs incurred are smaller than the total budget plan (BAC) of Rp. 4,624,935,404. As a result of these calculations, the project did not experience delays or additional costs.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF COLUMN AND BEAMS VOLUMES OF CONVENTIONAL STRUCTURES WITH OUTPUT FROM AUTODESK REVIT AND PLAN TIME WITH WORK REALIZATION USING NAVISWORK
The government issued regulations related to BIM (Building Information Modeling) in July 2021. The PUPR Ministry issued circular no. 11/SE/Db/2021 which requires the implementation of BIM. There are BIM supporting applications, namely Autodesk Revit and Autodesk Naviswork. This research takes a case study of the construction of the Prof. Mother and Child Hospital Building. Dr. I.G.N.G Ngoerah Denpasar, whose BoQ calculations still use conventional or manual methods. Therefore, this research was carried out to find out the comparison of the Building Information Modeling and conventional concepts. Secondary data includes work drawings, BoQ, schedule and AHSP. Based on the research that has been carried out, the results of the comparison of the volume of columns and beams of the Autodesk Revit output structure are the total volume of 852,921.74 kg of steel and 2,456.72 m3 of concrete with a comparison of the volume of concrete between conventional and output from Autodesk Revit 1:0.946 and the volume ratio of 1:0.976 with a total cost of conventional RAB of IDR 19,313,295,875.58 and RAB from Autodesk Revit of IDR 18,760,742,153.46 with a ratio of conventional RAB to output from Autodesk Revit of 1:0.971. deviation of -2.95% where the RAB from Autodesk Revit is IDR 552,553,722.12 less. The results of the plan time display with realization produce 12 work items that are being worked on and 30% work realization is achieved on day 119.
Seismic design for infrastructures such as building and non-building is designed based on design ground shaking shall be characterized by the design spectrum. This study aims to evaluate seismic design for infrastructures following SNI 1726-2019. Several site investigations are taken by conducting boring to a depth of 30 m to count the soil site classification. It might be summarized that the area of investigation is classified as SC/hard soil, very solid and soft rock, SD/medium soil and SE (soft soil).