Veterinary Science and Medicine Journal (Vet. Sci. Med. J.) is formerly recognized as Jurnal Ilmu dan Kesehatan Hewan (JIKH), which publishes articles in Indonesian and/or English. Publish issues every month, 12 times a year. The journal stopped publishing articles for several years but resumed publication since August 2023. Indexed in Copernicus
Program Studi Magister Kedokteran Hewan, Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Universitas Udayana
Ehrlichia sp. is a blood parasitic agent that often attacks dogs. The purpose of this article is to discuss techniques for diagnosing and treating Ehrlichiosis in a 9-year-old male local dog weighing 14.8 kg. The results of the physical examination found ticks almost all over his body and there was alopecia on both front and back elbows. Laboratory examination results including routine hematology examinations showed anemia, thrombocytopenia, lymphocytopenia and eosinopenia; serological test using a test kit showed positive results for Ehrlichia; blood smear examination found Ehrlichia in monocyte cells; Ectoparasite identification shows the tick species Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Based on the results of the anamnesis, physical examination and laboratory examination, the case dog was diagnosed as suffering from ehrlichiosis with a fausta prognosis. The therapy given is imidocarb dipropionate, doxycycline, ivermectin and vitamin B complex. Clinically, observing the condition of the case dog on the 14th day began to improve with the tick infestation decreasing and the level of itching decreasing. The alopecia on both elbows of the front and back legs is covered in hair. On the 21st day of treatment, the dog's condition appeared to improve, as the dog became active again, its appetite returned to normal and its scratching habit decreased. Tick ​​infestations are no longer found in dogs. Owners are advised to keep their dog indoor, improve maintenance management by maintaining a clean environment, and not release dogs freely.
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BACTERIAL SECONDARY INFECTION DUE TO EAR MITES INFESTATION IN CAT WITH MILD SCABIES
Scabiosis is a skin disease that can be caused by Sarcoptes scabiei and Notoedres cati in cats. Another ectoparasite that commonly causes skin problems is Otodectes cynotis which has a predilection for the ear canal. The purpose of this case report is to determine the causes of skin and ear problems in a male domestic cat and the effectiveness of the series of treatments carried out. On physical examination, this 3-year-old cat weighing 5.3 kg appeared to have alopecia and hyperkeratosis lesions on the skin, a habit of shaking his head, and a discharge in one of his ears. With supporting examinations, Sarcoptes scabiei was found from skin scrapings and Otodectes cynotis from otic swabs. The results of cytological examination of ear discharge showed a predominance of cocci bacteria and a small amount of Malassezia sp. The causative therapy given is a spot-on antiparasitic containing Selamectin 60mg/ml 1 tube and ear drops containing 1% Chloramphenicol given 2-3 drops in each ear, twice a day, for five days. Symptomatic therapy in the form of Chlorpheniramine maleate 4 mg is given 2 times a day, for 5 days. Meanwhile, supportive therapy is done by bathing the cat with sulphur soap once a week after administering the spot-on antiparasitic. Evaluation was carried out on the 14th day, the case cat showed an improvement in condition as indicated by a reduction in the cat's habit of shaking its head and also skin lesions. Pet owners are advised to regularly clean their cat's ears correctly and regularly give antiparasitic medication to their cat to prevent recurrent infections.
EFFECT OF FEED ON THE INCIDENCE OF FELINE LOWER URINARY TRACT DISEASE IN PERSIAN MIX CAT
Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease (FLUTD) is a disease of the cat's urinary tract in the form of blockage of the lower urinary tract consisting of the urinary bladder (VU) to the urethra. FLUTD includes several conditions, Urinary Tract Infections (UTI), urolithiasis, and cystitis. The purpose of writing this article is to find out that providing commercial dry food has a high level of risk for the incidence of FLUTD in cats, so it is important to dissect the feed content as an effort to diagnose, provide therapy and prevent cases of FLUTD in cats. The cat case is a male Persian mix cat named Boy, 2 years old with a body weight of 4 kg, has difficulty urinating, is often seen urinating carelessly, and has oliguria. The results of the physical examination of the urine showed that the urine was dark yellow in color with the smell of urine without any foam. In the chemical examination of the urine the results showed leukocytes (+3), nitrites (+), urobilinogen (+1), protein (+2), ketones (+1), microalbumin (+3), and creatinine (+1), followed by urine sedimentation examination which showed the presence of struvite crystals. On the Complete Blood Count (CBC) examination, the results showed leukopenia, granulocytopenia and thrombocytopenia, while on the ultranosonography (USG) examination, thickening of the VU wall was found accompanied by an accumulation of crystals. The therapy given in cat cases is the antibiotic Enrofloxacin, anti-inflammatory Methylprednisolone, Kejibeling, ICare (Pets Urinary Tract & Kidney Support Supplement), and replacement of Royal Canin Urinary S/O wet food feed. The results of the urine sediment evaluation did not show the presence of struvite crystals, while the results of the CBC evaluation showed that the leukocyte parameters in the case of the cat had returned to the normal range and still experienced granulocytopenia and thrombocytopenia.
COMPARISON OF THE QUALITY OF PORK SLAUGHTERED IN SLAUGHTERHOUSES AND ABATTOIRS
Pigs have an important role in the socio-cultural status of the people in Bali and providing nutrition needed for the body. This study aims to determine the differences of quality of pork produced at Pesanggaran Slaughterhouses, Abatoars in Badung and Tabanan. Evaluation of meat quality was carried out subjectively including organoleptic tests assessed by 10 panelists and objective tests which included tests for color, odor/aroma, consistency, texture, pH, water holding capacity, and water content. The sample used in this study was pork on the latissimus dorsi as much as 125 g of each pigs slaughtered. The data obtained in this study were analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The Pesanggaran Slaughterhouse showed good pork quality results, it's just that in the water holding capacity test the results were above normal. The abatoars in Badung Regency also have good pork quality, but the panelists judged the meat to have a rough texture and water holding capacity above normal. The abatoars in Tabanan Regency showed good pork quality results, only the smell/aroma of the meat was assessed by the panelists not smelling of fresh meat and similar to other places the water holding capacity was higher than normal. So it can be concluded that the quality of the meat from the three places has no significant difference and have good quality meat and suitable for human consumption. It is recommended to carry out further research on what causes the quality of the meat to differ, especially from stunning and cutting.
Upper respiratory tract disease is common in the cat population. This disease is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in cats. The aim of the research was to diagnose, treat and evaluate the success of therapy in case cats. Based on the history, the cat experienced sneezing, weakness, and decreased appetite. Physical examination showed mucopurulent discharge in both nasal cavities, the oral mucosa looked pale, the right and left mandibular lymph nodes were enlarged, inflammation of the gums, the presence of tartar, and the cat experienced hypersalivation. Supporting examinations by carrying out hematologic examinations and isolation identification of bacteria and fungi. In the examination of isolation and identification of bacteria by taking samples in the form of nasal discharge, the presence of Staphylococcus sp bacteria was identified. The cat was diagnosed with rhinitis and stomatitis with a fausta prognosis. The therapy given to the case cat consisted of the antibiotic cefadroxil (40mg (recommended 20mg/kg BW) given PO for 14 days), anti-inflammatory methylprednisolone (given 2 mg (recommended 1mg/kg BW) PO for 5 days, and supportive therapy in the form of vitamins .The results of treatment for 14 days, the patient was successful in recovering.
ASYMPTOMATIC ANAPLASMOSIS IN FIVE WEEKS DOG IN DENPASAR
Rhipicephalus sanguineus is the most common ectoparasite found in dogs, where the tick is one of the vectors that plays a role in anaplasmosis. This report aims to find out how to diagnose and treat cases of anaplasmosis in dogs. The method used is clinical examination starting from inspection, palpation, percussion and auscultation. Supporting examinations such as blood tests, complete blood count (CBC) and rapid test kits are also carried out to obtain a definitive diagnosis. The results of the clinical examination found Rhipicephalus sanguineus tick infestation on the ears, back and legs of the case dog. CBC examination results showed lymphocytosis, hypochromic anemia and thrombocytopenia. The results of the blood test showed the presence of Anaplasma spp inclusion bodies and the Rapid Test kit examination showed positive results containing Anaplasma spp antibodies. The therapy given was the antibiotic Doxycycline at a dose of 10 mg/kg BW given orally for 14 days, Simparica orally, while supportive therapy was given Fu Fang Ejiao Jiang® 2 ml 2 times a day and Sangobion 1 capsule/day for 14 days. Based on the history, clinical examination and supporting examinations, the case dog was diagnosed as suffering from Anaplasmosis with a fausta prognosis and after the 14th day of therapy, the case dog showed good results, increased appetite and the case dog was free from ticks. It is recommended to carry out countermeasures in the form of regular anti-parasitic administration.
TREATMENT OF SCABIOSIS ACCOMPANIED BY PYODERMA, OTITIS EXTERNA, AND TOXOCARIOSIS IN MIX TERRIER DOGS USING A COMBINATION OF IVERMECTIN TURMERIC, ALOE VERA AND PIRANTEL PAMOATE
Scabiosis is a contagious and zoonotic skin disease. Dogs with scabiosis experience intense itching. A 5-month-old mix terrier with a body weight of 2.7 kg had alopecia, intense itching, crusts, erythema, and open wounds on some parts of the body. Skin scrapings revealed Sarcoptes scabei (S. scabei) mites. An impression smear examination was performed on the open wound and found neutrophil cell infiltration and some coccus bacteria. Due to the dirty ear, otic swab examination and cerumen cytology were performed. On otic swab examination, Otodectes cynotis mite (O. cynotis) was found and on cerumen cytology examination, Malassezia sp. On fecal examination with the native method, Toxocara canis eggs (T. canis) were found. The causative therapy given is the use of ivermectin injection at a dose of 300 µg/kg subcutaneously (SC) given once, treatment of the wound using turmeric which is mashed and applied to the part that has erythema and wounds, and the use of natural aloe vera is used to clean the cerumen in the ear, for the treatment of T. canis infestation is using pyrantel pamoate at a dose of 25 mg / kg. Symptomatic treatment for itching uses chlorpheniramine maleate (CTM). Other therapies were assisted by using sulfur-containing shampoo twice a week after ivermectin administration, then virgin coconut oil (VCO) and vitamins, namely Neurotropic injection once and then continued with oral Livron B plex vitamins for 14 days. Evaluation at 26 days showed skin healing, improved wounds, and fine hair growth. Itching in the dog was still observed but the intensity was reduced, the ears of the case dog were also clear of cerumen, and the feces examination of the case dog did not find worm eggs.
UROLITHIASIS AND BALANITIS IN CHIHUAHUA DOG
Uroliths are mineral formations which are generally composed of struvite, calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, uric acid, and cystine in urine while balanoposthitis is inflammation that affects the glans penis and prepuce skin. This paper reports the treatment process through urinary catheterization of cases of urolithiasis and balanophostitis in chihuahua breed dogs at the Veterinary Internal Medicine Laboratory, Udayana University, Denpasar. The case dog is a three year old male long-haired Chihuahua breed with a body weight of 3.2 kg. Cases of dogs come with complaints of bloody urine, and often lick the genital area. The results of the physical examination showed that when the penis was inspected, the glans penis and penile corpus were reddish and inflamed, hematuria, oligouria, and lameness in the right hind leg. The urine was reddish yellow and had a rancid odor, urine dipstick examination showed hematuria and leukocytouria. Routine hematology results showed the patient had lymphocytosis, granulacytopenia, and normochromic macrocytic anemia. On examination of the urine sediment, it was found that there were urine crystals, namely uric acid and struvite. Based on the history, physical examination and supporting examinations, it can be concluded that the case dog had urolithiasis and balanophostitis. The therapy given is amoxicillin at the recommended dose of 15 mg/kg BW intramuscularly and continued orally for seven days, tolfenamic acid 0.04 mg/kg BW intramuscularly, supportive therapy in the form of vitamin B-complex (livron B-plex) a day once orally for 10 days, replacing the dog's daily feed with urinary treatment given for one month, as well as providing drinking water ad libitum. Seven days after treatment the dog no longer experienced oligouria, hematuria and the dog's penis appeared normal. After forty-nine days after treatment was completed, the dog generally looked healthy and lively. Owners are advised to provide trapeutic food, namely changing dog food from previously commercial dog food to urine treatment dog food. Owners are also advised to provide dogs with drinking water ad libitum.
DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY OF HELMINTHIASIS IN LOCAL CATS
Helminthiasis is a disease that often attacks cats, but this disease is often ignored by owners because it does not cause serious clinical symptoms unless the infection is severe. The most reported cases of helminthiasis in pets are ancylostomiasis, toxocariasis, dipylidiasis, trichuriasis and nekatoriasis. The higher prevalence in cats is due to cats' habit of hunting amphibians, reptiles and small insects. The case cat is a domestic cat named Garfil, a three and a half year old male, experiencing symptoms of vomiting and diarrhea with a semi-solid feces consistency. The clinical examinations carried out were inspection, palpation and auscultation, while the supporting examinations carried out were CBC examination and native stool examination. Pulsus frequency 124 times/minute, heart frequency 130 times/minute, respiratory frequency 24 times/minute, temperature 38.3oC and CRT <2 seconds. The results of the CBC showed most of the results were normal except for low Platelet (PLT) and Procalcitonin (PCT) indicating the cat had thrombocytopenia. On fecal examination, ancylostoma sp eggs were found. and spirometra sp. The therapy given is administration of Caniverm® caplets orally without using supportive therapy. Evaluation of the results showed a good response, namely changes in feces from a score of 3.5 to a score of 2.5, which were well formed and did not leave traces when taken. Actions that need to be taken into consideration by owners to prevent the recurrence of Ankylostomiosis and Sparganosis infections in pets, especially cats, is to administer deworming medication regularly every three months to six months
Scabiosis is a disease that attacks the corneum layer of the skin and consumes cell fluid. This skin disease is contagious from one cat to another and is zoonotic. Symptoms of itching often occur at the initial occurrence. Severe lesions will form scabs on several parts of the body such as the ears, face, elbows, fingers and around the genitals. The cat in the case was in good health and was declared missing for 3 months and returned with scabbed skin, thin body and hair loss. The owner reported that the case cat often scratched its body, so the owner decided to treat it with sulfur shampoo in combination with shampoo for humans accompanied by the administration of Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) for 3 months but it failed to cure. Samples of crusted lesions were taken using the superficial skin scraping method and examined under a microscope with 100x magnification. During the examination, Sarcoptes scabei mites were found and a complete blood count (CBC) examination revealed a decrease in platelets. The case cat was diagnosed as suffering from scabiosis with a fausta prognosis. The case cat was treated with an injection of ivermectin at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg BW, dhipenhydramine HCl at a dose of 1 mg/kg BW, then continued with clorapeheniramine maleate at a dose of 4 mg/head given orally. Apart from that, case cats are also treated by bathing them with sulfur shampoo and giving fish oil and improving the animal's nutrition by adding boiled chicken and fish. Ivermectin administration was repeated 14 days later. On the 14th day, it showed good changes, characterized by a decrease in pruritus, disappearance of crusty lesions and hyperkeratosis on the cat's body. On the 21st day, the cat's hair on the part that has alopecia on the face has grown, all the crusts have disappeared, the cat looks physically healthy.
SCABIOSIS AND TOXOCARIOSIS IN DOMESTIC CAT
Scabiosis is a skin disease in livestock and pets caused by Sarcoptes scabiei or Notoedres cati mites in the corneum layer of the skin. Toxocariosis is caused by infection with Toxocara worms, the Toxocara species that often attacks cats is Toxocara cati. This disease is a zoonotic disease. The purpose of this writing is to convey the occurrence of a disease caused by ectoparasites and endoparasites simultaneously, as well as to serve as a reference in diagnosing and treating Scabiosis and Toxocariosis in cats. A domestic cat was examined at the Veterinary Internal Medicine Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University with a history of frequent scratching that lasted 2.5 months and experienced diarrhea since the last week. On physical examination, abnormalities were found on the skin, two ears and neck had crusting and hyperkeratosis, the face and legs had crusting, and the back had alopecia and erythema, while on physical examination the digestive system found the consistency of the stool was like paste. In the supporting examination, a skin scraping was carried out and the agents Notoedres cati and Sarcoptes scabiei were found. In the feces examination using the native method, Toxocara cati worm eggs were found so that the case cat was diagnosed with Scabiosis and Toxocariosis with a fausta prognosis. The treatment carried out is by administering Ivermectine injection and Pyrantel pamoate syrup as causative therapy, Diphenhydramine and Chlorpheniramine maleate orally as symptomatic therapy, fish oil, sulfur shampoo as supportive therapy and administering Livron Bplex vitamins. After 14 days of therapy, good results were obtained, where the case cat experienced significant development of the part of the body that had hyperkeratosis and the crusts had begun to disappear, hair had begun to grow and the consistency of the feces had begun to solidify. The conclusion of this case is that the case cat named Ucil was diagnosed with Scabiosis and Toxocariosis. It is recommended that pet owners always monitor the health of their animals.
SCABIOSIS IN DOMESTIC CATS IS ACCOMPANIED BY OTITIS EXTERNA, TOXOCARIASIS AND ANKYLOSTOMIOSIS
Scabiosis is a skin disease in pets caused by Notoedres cati or Sarcoptes scabei mites in the corneum layer of the skin. Otitis externa is an inflammatory disease that occurs in the external ear canal. Toxocaryosis is a disease caused by worms from the genus Toxocara spp. Ankylostomiosis is a disease caused by infection with the worm Ancylostoma spp. The purpose of writing this article is to provide information regarding the treatment and diagnosis methods of scabiosis infections, otitis externa, toxocarariosis and ankylostomiosis in cats as well as evaluation after appropriate therapy is given to infected cats. A male domestic cat, 4 years old, weighing 3.35 kg, black and white hair was examined with complaints of itching and frequent scratching of the back and ears. On examination of the skin scraping (superficial skin scrapping) the presence of Notoedres cati and Sarcoptes scabei mites was found. On the otic swab supporting examination, it was found that Otodectes cynotis mites were present. On examination of the float, Toxocara cati and Ancylostoma worm eggs were found. Based on the history, clinical examination and supporting examinations, the case cat was diagnosed as having scabiosis, otitis externa, toxocarariosis and ankylostomiosis with a fausta prognosis. For causative therapy, IvermecRhein® injection, Vetotic® drops and Caniverm® anthelmintic medication are given. As symptomatic therapy, Veterdryl® injection and Alleron® oral medication are given. With supportive therapy given Fish Oil, Nutri-Plus Gel 120gr and bathed using Sulfur Shampoo. Evaluation was carried out on the 14th day where the case cat showed that its condition continued to improve. It is recommended that pet owners pay attention to the cleanliness of the surrounding environment and pay attention to the cat's condition to prevent recurrent infections.
Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a normal bacterium found in the intestines of birds and other vertebrates. Certain strains of E. coli that are pathogenic can cause colisepticemia disease. The research was conducted by direct field surveys and clinical and laboratory examinations including anatomical pathology, histopathology, bacteria, viruses, and parasites examinations. The affected chickens were broiler chickens obtained from one of Mr. Indra's farms in Wanasari Village, Tabanan District, Tabanan Regency. The chickens were taken from the isolation/elimination cage with a population of approximately 150 birds, and there were recorded cases of death in 50 birds with clinical signs including decreased appetite, bloated abdomen, and white and green feces. Histopathological examination revealed congestion and haemorrhage in the brain, congestion, necrosis, and inflammatory cell infiltration in the trachea, haemorrhage and inflammatory cell infiltration in the lungs, haemorrhage with fibrin at the edges of the liver, congestion, edema, and inflammatory cell infiltration in the heart, congestion, haemorrhage, necrosis with inflammatory cell infiltration in the kidneys, depletion and haemorrhage in the spleen, and necrosis, haemorrhage, and inflammatory cell infiltration in the intestines. Bacteriological examination revealed E. coli infection in the lungs, heart, and liver. Meanwhile, parasitological examination did not find any parasites infecting the affected animals. Based on the series of examinations conducted, it can be concluded that the affected chickens are infected with E. coli in the form of colisepticemia
ASCARIDIOSIS AND SUSPECTED NEWCASTLE DISEASE VIRUS IN A VACCINATED LAYER CHICKEN
Ascaridiosis is an intestinal parasitic disease caused by infection of the nematode Ascaridia galli, which were commonly reported in poultry. Worm infection might cause huge economical loss for poultry farmes due to productivities decline and an incline of feed conversion ratio. This writing aims to identify the cause of death of an 124-day-old layer hens, whilst finding out the cause of productivity decline of the involved farm through anatomopathology, histopathology and laboratory tests. Laboratory test on animal’s feses using native, sedimentation, and floatation methods reveals eggs of A. galli, confirmed by the findings of 46 adult worms collected from the chicken’s intestine. Anatomopathological and histopathological examination shows changes in various organs. Based on these results, the chicken was diagnosed with Ascaridiosis. Furthermore, histopathological changes of various organs indicates virus infection, prompting further virology test. Farmers should implement a stricter cage biosecurity and sanitation to compliment vaccination and treatment, and preventing contact between chicken and pathological agents.
SCABIOSIS ACCOMPANIED BY OTITIS EXTERNA AND TOXOCARIOSIS IN DOMESTIC CATS
Scabiosis is a disease that is most often found in pet animals. Apart from scabiosis, otitis externa and toxocariosis are also common diseases that are often found in cats kept in the wild. The purpose of this writing is to convey the occurrence of a disease caused by ectoparasites and endoparasites simultaneously, as well as to serve as a reference in diagnosing disease in cats. During the veterinary examination in this case, a clinical examination and supporting examinations were carried out. Supporting examinations carried out include skin scrapings, ear swab examinations, stool examinations and routine hematology examinations. The results obtained from the clinical examination of the case cat were observed to experience tachypnea with a regular rhythm with abnormal skin, visible crustae, hyperkeratosis, hyperpigmentation, alopecia, and erythema of the face, both ears, nape, and front legs as well as frequent or continuous borborygmus sounds. -continuously for 1 minute. In support, the presence of Notoedres cati mites was found with the results of the anagen phase tricogram and irregular breaks in the cat's hair. Otodectes cynotis was present in the ears, Toxocara cati worm eggs were found in the feces, and on routine hematological examination the cat had leukocytosis, lymphocytosis, granulocytopenia and anemia. After being given therapy in the form of Ivermectin, vet otic, Drontal cat, Dyphenhydramine HCL, Cholrampheniramine maleate, virbac megaderm, sangobion and bathing with shampoo containing sulfur for 14 days, the case cat was active again and no parasitic agents were found. Please pay attention to the sanitation and cleanliness of animals and the environment because these three diseases can be transmitted to other animals and even humans and repeat the administration of medication with the appropriate dose and administration time.
FELINE PANLEUKOPENIA AND MALASSEZIOSIS IN A YOUNG MALE PERSIAN CAT
Feline panleukopenia is a highly contagious and fatal parvovirus that affects young cats and shows strong resistance to the environment. Malassezia is a fungus found in dogs and cats that has an oval, ellipsoidal, or small cylindrical shape with a thick wall. It can be found in normal cat ear cytology and culture and is commonly found in sebaceous glands. The case involves an eight-month-old male Persian cat named Hanan who had not eaten or drunk anything for three days and was exhibiting signs of weakness, pale mucous membranes, dry nasal mucosa, slow skin turgor, increased body temperature, bloody diarrhea, dirty ears, and discharge. Routine hematological examination revealed lymphocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia. Cytology examination showed the presence of Malassezia and coccus-shaped bacteria. The results of the antibody kit examination showed a positive result for the Feline Panleukopenia virus. Based on the history, clinical signs, and supporting examination results, the diagnosed infection in the cat case was feline panleukopenia virus and malasseziosis. The treatment provided for the cat involved the administration of Ringer Lactate solution at a rate of 140 mL/day to address dehydration, as well as 154 mL/day of maintenance fluid intravenously. The cat was given metronidazole intravenously at the recommended dosage of 10 mg/kg once daily for 7 days. The cat also received Imboost tablets orally once daily for 10 days, and yunnan baiyo tablets daily for 4 days. The cat received intensive care and exhibited positive outcomes following the treatment.
TOXOCARIOSIS ACCOMPANIED BY SCABIOSIS AND EAR MITES IN DOMESTIC CATS
Toxocariosis is caused by infection with Toxocara worms, the Toxocara species that often attacks cats is Toxocara cati. Scabiosis is an infectious skin disease caused by Sarcoptes scabiei or Notoedres cati mites in the corneum layer of the skin. Otitis externa is inflammation of the ear caused by several factors, one of which is Otodectes cynotis (ear mites). These three diseases are zoonotic diseases. The aim of this research is to convey the occurrence of a disease caused by ectoparasites and endoparasites simultaneously, as well as to serve as a reference in diagnosing and treating Toxocariosis, Scabiosis and Otitis Externa in cats. A domestic cat was examined at the Veterinary Internal Medicine Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University with a history of frequent scratching that lasted for 3 months and the cat had excreted feces accompanied by worms for the last 3 days. On physical examination, hyperkeratosis and alopecia were found on the ears, crusts on the legs and neck. In the supporting examination, a skin scraping was carried out, N. cati and S. scabiei agents were found, an ear swab found O. cynotis, during a feces examination using the native method and the floating method, T. cati worm eggs were found. The diagnosis was Scabiosis, otitis externa, and Toxocariosis with a fausta prognosis. The treatment carried out was by administering Ivermectine injections and Praziquantel as causative therapy, oral injections of Diphenhydramine and Chlorpheniramine maleate as symptomatic therapy, fish oil, sulfur shampoo as supportive therapy and administering Livron Bplex vitamins. After 14 days of therapy, good results were obtained where the case cat looked normal and healthy again. Advice for owners is to regularly provide worm medicine and keep the drum environment clean because it is very important for the health of their beloved pets.
ASPERGILLOSIS IN BROILER CHICKEN IN TUNJUK VILLAGE, TABANAN DISTRICT, TABANAN REGENCY, BALI
In the development of broiler farming in Indonesia, it is necessary to be aware of diseases that often attack livestock, namely Aspergillosis fungal infection. This case study aims to confirm the diagnosis in the death of 30-day-old broiler chickens of male sex who experienced clinical symptoms of lethargy, nasal discharge, shortness of breath, swollen eyelids, and difficulty eating for 3 days so that they were separated from the rest of the chicken population obtained at one of the farms located in Tunjuk Village, Tabanan District, Tabanan Regency, Bali. Examination of case animals included signaling, anamnesis, epidemiological data, clinical symptoms, anatomical pathology and histopathology examination, bacteriology and mycology examination, and parasitology examination. The results of the anatomical pathology examination showed congestion in the brain, petechie in the ventriculus, hemorrhage in the intestines, hemorrhage in the lungs with white nodules and white nodules in the kidneys. Histopathological examination found septa hyphae and conidiophore. In the mycological examination, the case animals identified Aspergillosis in the lung and kidney organs grown on SDA (Sabouraud Dextose Agar) media and observation under a microscope using 10% KOH dye and methylene blue. In the bacteriological examination, samples of lung and intestinal organs were cultured on general Nutrient Agar (NA) media, followed by selective Eosin Methylene Blue Agar (EMBA) media, primary tests, gram staining, biochemical tests and sugar tests until the results showed that there was a secondary infection of Klebsiella sp in the lung organ samples. The results of the examination related to parasites in the feces of case chickens by qualitative methods, namely natif (direct), sedimentation concentration, and buoyancy concentration were confirmed not to be found worm eggs or coccidia. From this case study it can be concluded that the case chicken was infected with Aspergillosis. Prevention of the spread of Aspergillosis should be done by improving farm management such as housing sanitation and good husbandry methods to prevent the risk of livestock experiencing the disease.
NEWCASTLE DISEASE AND AVIAN INFLUENZA IN BROILER THAT VACCINATED ON ONE DAY OLD
Newcastle disease and Avian Influenza are highly contagious viral diseases that can affect poultry with high mortality rates, and are zoonotic diseases that endanger humans. In this case study, broiler chickens aged 12 days were vaccinated at hatching and came from Yangapi Village, Tembuku, Bangli showed clinical symptoms of drooping neck or torticollis, no appetite, and greenish white diluted feces. Examinations are continued at each laboratory to obtain a definite diagnosis. The methods used are anatomical pathology examination, histopathology preparations, HA-HI examination, bacterial identification, and qualitative examination for paracites. The results of anatomical pathology examination found pathognomonic lesions, like ptechie in the proventriculus and ventriculus, enlargement and congestion in the lungs, hemorrhagic trachea, and hyperemic intestines. The results of histopathological examination showed marked changes with single-core inflammatory cells or lymphoid suggesting an infectious agent in the form of a virus. The results of the virology laboratory examination with the HA and HI test showed that the case chicken was positively infected by Newcastle Disease and Avian Influenza viruses. Bacteriology laboratory by culture of lung and intestinal organ samples was carried out on Nutrient Agar, followed by selective media Eosin Methylene Blue Agar, primary tests, gram staining, biochemical tests and sugar tests until the results showed that Escherichia coli bacteria grew from the chicken intestines and were classified as normal flora. The results of the examination related to parasites in the feces of case chickens by qualitative methods, natif, sedimentation concentration, and floating were confirmed not to be found worm eggs or coccidia. From this case study, it can be concluded that the case chicken was infected with Newcastle Disease and Avian Influenza viruses.
HAEMOBARTONELLOSIS IN DOMESTIC SHORT HAIR CATS
Haemobartonellosis is a disease caused by Mycoplasma haemofelis, previously called Haemobartonella felis, causing lethargy, fever, pale mucosa, and anemia of varying severity in cats. M. haemofelis is a small, gram-negative bacterium without cell walls that lives on the edge or surface (epicellular) of erythrocytes. The animal used as a case report is a domestic short-haired cat, ± 9 months old, an unsterilized female with a body weight of 3.3 kg. The results of the clinical examination and praesens status showed that the case cat experienced vomiting, loss of appetite, lethargy, mild ectoparasite infestation, pale mucosa, a CRT of more than two seconds, and increased respiratory frequency and body temperature. Routine hematological examination on the first day showed normochromic normocytic anemia, leukopenia, neutropenia, monocytopenia, and thrombocytopenia. Blood biochemical examination on the first day showed hypophosphatemia, hyponatremia, and hyperglycemia. A blood smear examination shows a round or ring-shaped formation on the edge or surface of the erythrocytes, which is morphologically identified as M. haemofelis. Based on the history, physical examination, and supporting examinations, the case cat was diagnosed as having haemobartonellosis. The case cat was treated for five days, and then on the sixth day, the case cat was sent home and underwent outpatient therapy because it showed an improving condition. Causative therapy for M. haemofelis is given oxytetracycline antibiotics for five days, followed by doxycycline antibiotics for 28 days during outpatient therapy. Frontline Plus® antiparasitic is given once to treat ectoparasites. The symptomatic therapy given is tolfenamic acid, once administered. The supportive therapy given is Lactate Ringer's infusion fluid therapy for 5 days and multivitamin, mineral, and hematopoietic supplements, namely Hematodin® by injection for five days, followed by Caviplex Syrup® for 28 days. Therapy for vulnus morsum is enrofloxacin for 8 days. After 28 days of outpatient therapy, the case cat showed clinical improvement and was actively playing.
Tjokorda Istri Agung Pradnya Dewi Pemayun
Cover and Table of Content of Vol. 06 No. 02 February 2024
BACTERIAL INFACTIOUS RHINITIS CAUSED BY STAPHYLOCOCCUS SPP. IN A MIXED ANGGORA CAT
Rhinitis is inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nasal cavity. This problem is common and often occurs in cats, so it is necessary to check to find out the consequences of rhinitis. A female Angora cat named Popo aged 2.5 months and weighing 0.57 kg was examined at the Veterinary Internal Medicine Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University. Based on the anamnesis, the cat has been sneezing and having runny nose from both nostrils since 3 weeks ago. On physical examination, there was bilateral mucopurulent discharge, sneezing and X-ray examination observed an increase in opacity in the nasal cavity, indicated by the presence of radiopaque. Examination of the nasal discharge has identified Staphylococcus spp. Routine hematological examination results showed that the case cat had leukocytosis and lymphocytosis. The cat was diagnosed with bacterial infectious rhinitis with a fausta prognosis from a series of examinations that had been carried out. The therapy given to the cat cases consisted of antibiotics, anti-inflammatories and immunomodulators. After 10 days of treatment, the cat showed a change in the runny nose which was mucopurulent and the sneezing was no longer visible, indicating that the cat was getting better. The advice given is to always maintain the cleanliness of the environment where the case cat lives, especially the cleanliness of the kennels, washing away pests (base of the kennels, places to eat and drink).
MANAGEMENT OF MAMMARY FIBROADENOMA IN ROTTWEILER DOGS
Fibroadenoma mammae is a tumor that is formed from a mixture of fibrous and glandular tissue, usually known as a type of benign tumor that grows on mammae. The aim of this study is to report case management fibroadenoma in rottweiler dogs. A Rottweiler dog eight-year-old with a body weight of 24 kg, female sex with a lump in the left (sinistra) second mammary gland. A physical and clinical examination of the dog showed a healthy dog with a good appetite and drink, normal defecation and urination. Routine hematological examination showed an increase in MCV (Mean Corpuscular Volume) and a decrease in MCHC (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration), but not very significant. The results of histopathological examination of tumor tissue samples, the dog was diagnosed with fibroadenoma mammae with a fausta prognosis. Dogs are handled by performing surgery (excision) with the method of mastectomy (regional) to remove the tumor mass and give the antibiotics cefotaxim, cefixime with anti-inflammatory meloxicam, topical drugs such as Enbatic® and hematodin. After surgical removal of the tumor mass and administration of post-operative therapy, the case dog was declared cured with the surgical wound dry and fused on the fourteenth day. Handling fibroadenoma mammae it must be done as quickly as possible to prevent the tumor from metastasizing to other parts of the body.
Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver which can be caused by viruses, bacteria, parasites, fungi, and drugs. However, there are several cases of hepatitis in animals whose cause is unknown, such as what happened to the male Siamese cat in this case report. Therefore, several examinations are carried out to find out the cause and appropriate treatment. Before carrying out the examination, recording the signs and anamnesis is very important. The examination is carried out systematically, namely by clinical and laboratory examination. Laboratory examinations carried out include lesion and cytology examinations (impression tests), hematology examinations, ultrasonography (USG), and anatomical pathology and histology examinations. The results of the ulcer cytology examination using the impression test method found large numbers of neutrophils. CBC examination results revealed that the cat had an infection, anemia, and thrombocytopenia. Blood biochemistry results also revealed that the cat had liver damage with increased AST and ALT values. Abdominal ultrasonography also confirms liver damage. Damage to the liver, spleen and kidneys is also visible on microscopic examination (histopathology). Symptomatic therapy is carried out to reduce clinical symptoms, namely by administering Ornipural®, Viamin 34 inject, and Enbatic powder. The cat died after 1 week of administration of Viamin and Enbatic powder, as well as 1 administration of Ornipural®. From the results of the examination that was carried out, the cat had hepatitis. Early treatment by observing clinical symptoms in animals can reduce the severity of a disease.
THYPLITIS HAEMORRHAGICA ET NECROTICAN IN THE INCIDENCE OF COCCIDIOSIS IN BROILER CHICKENS AGED 32 DAYS
Coccidiosis is a parasitic disease that often infects the digestive system of poultry and is caused by protozoan parasites from the genus Eimeria spp. Eimeria tenella is one of the most pathogenic protozoan species and has a predilection for the cecum and causes bloody diarrhea. The purpose of this paper is to determine the infectious agent that causes the death of 32 days old, female broiler chickens originating from one of the chicken farms in Petak Village, Gianyar District, Gianyar Regency. Clinical signs observed in chickens are weakness, pale wattles, dull looking feathers, clumps in the corners of the cage, and bloody diarrhea and dirty cloaca. Based on the results of the anatomical pathology examination, it showed that there was hemorrhage and thickening of the cecum wall (thyplitis haemorrhagica et necrotican). On histopathological examination, schizonts, hemorrhage, necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration were found in the cecum and on parasitological examination, Eimeria sp oocysts were found. which has sporulated in chicken feces samples with moderate infection intensity. Conclusion: the case chicken was diagnosed as infected with coccidiosis by Eimeria tenella. Sanitation and improved cage management need to be carried out to prevent the occurrence of coccidiosis in chickens.
TREATMENT OF SCABIOSIS AND TOXOCARIOSIS IN DOMESTIC CAT
Skin and digestive diseases are the most common problems encountered in cats. A six-month-old domestic cat with a body weight of 1.42 kg experienced problems with the skin and digestive system at the same time. Cases of cats complain that they often scratch and excrete worms when defecating, the feces are yellow and have a paste-like consistency. This research aims to determine the disease agent and intensity of infection that attacks cats so that appropriate treatment can be provided. On physical examination, alopecia, hyperkeratosis, crusting and scales were found on the head, bilateral ears, neck and elbow area. Supporting examinations carried out were skin examination using skin scraping, trichogram, cytological examination using the tape acetate method and otic swab with diffquick staining as well as fecal examination using the floating method and counting worm eggs using the Mc Master method. The diagnosis is confirmed based on the history, physical examination, and examination with results of scabiosis and toxocaryosis. The causative therapy used in this case was ivermectin (Ivomec®) injection at a dose of 300μg/kg BW subcutaneously given three times on days 0, 7 and 14 and pyrantel pamoate (Combantrin®) therapy at a dose of 25 mg/kg BW orally. Symptomatic therapy uses intramuscular injection of diphenhydramine HCl (2 mg/kg BW) and (chlorpeniramine maleate®) at a dose of 2 mg/head given 2x¼ orally given for three days, followed by supportive therapy given multivitamins and minerals (Caviplex®) given once a day orally for seven days. Topical therapy is given with sulfur soap to bathe cats at least once a week. The cat showed good progress starting from the third day, the level of pruritus decreased, then on the fourth day the cat did not expel worms from the anus and the stomach did not look as enlarged as when it was first examined, and on the sixth day it started to show hair growth, alopecia, crusting and hyperkeratosis began to decrease. After administering ivermectin the second time, the cat's case began to improve with the level of pruritus decreasing and the hair slowly growing. After the third injection, namely on the fourteenth day, the cat named Bolu was returned to its owner with improved skin condition and no longer scratching. Based on the history, physical examination and laboratory examination, the cat was given therapy by administering antihistamines, antiparasitics, worm medicine, as well as support by administering vitamins and topical use of sulfur soap. It is important for cat owners to consistently bathe their cats and give them regular deworming medication to prevent recurrent infections.
MALASSEZIA FUNGAL DERMATITIS AND RHIPICEPHALUS SANGUINEUS TICK INFESTATION IN MIXED BREED DOGS
Dermatitis is the most common skin health problem in dogs whose causative agents are parasitic, bacterial, fungal and viral infections. The purpose of this paper is to diagnose and determine the success of dermatitis therapy due to Malassezia spp fungal infection and Rhipicephalus sanguineus tick infestation. A 7-month-old mixed breed dog weighing 4.5 kg was examined with complaints of itching and hair baldness. Clinical examination revealed alopecia on the face, chin, body and legs, scale on the head, papules on the abdomen, erythema on the cranial and caudal extremities with oily, rancid skin and Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks on the hind legs. The results of cytological examination of skin taken by impression smear found the presence of Malassezia fungal agents. The results of the examination using the antibody kit showed negative results. Routine hematology examination showed the case dog had lymphocytosis and hyperchromic macrocytic anemia. Based on the history, physical examination, and supporting examination, the case dog was diagnosed with Malassezia fungal dermatitis and tick infestation with a prognosis of fausta.The therapy given was oral itraconazole, loratadine, fish oil, sebasol shampoo and multivitamin (sakatonic active). The results of therapy observed on day 14 showed that the condition of the case dog began to improve, characterized by a reduced scratching reaction, reduced scale, erythema, and papules, and superficial skin that was initially oily and rancid smelling had also begun to decrease. The case dog's hair has grown on the head, abdomen and legs. Therefore, to avoid recurrent infections, owners need to avoid keeping the animal in a humid place and keep the animal's body clean as favorable conditions can trigger recurrent events, as well as reduce direct contact with stray dogs to prevent ticks.
TREATMENT OF PARASITE INFECTION IN DOMESTIC CAT
Scabies is a disease caused by mites of the family Sarcoptidae including the genera Sarcoptes and Notoedres. In addition, many endoparasitic infections in cats have been reported, one of which is Toxocariasis caused by Toxocara sp worms, also known as gilig worms. The purpose of writing this article is to provide information on methods of diagnosis, treatment, and therapeutic evaluation of scabies accompanied by Toxocara sp endoparasitic infection. A local cat named Bolang aged 2 years with a body weight of 2.6 kg was examined with complaints of itching and diarrhoea. Alopecia, crusts, hyperkeratosis, erythema and scale were observed on the ears, nape, legs and face with a pruritus level of 7/10. Skin scrapings were performed and microscopically identified as Sarcoptes scabiei and Notoedres cati. The cat had diarrhoea and was microscopically found to have Toxocara cati infection. Based on the history, clinical signs and supporting examination, the case animal was diagnosed with scabies accompanied by toxocariasis with a prognosis of fausta. Causative therapy for scabies cases was given ivermectin injection 0.2 mg/kg BW. Causative therapy for toxocariasis cases was given pyrantel pamoate 5 mg/kg BW orally. As symptomatic therapy, Bolang cats with pruritus 7/10 were given diphenhydramine HCl at a dose of 1 mg/kg BW intramuscularly, followed by oral administration of diphenhydramine HCl at a dose of 4 mg/kg BW three times a day, for 5 days. Supportive therapy was given Mei Fah Tunghai fish oil and bathed using sulfur soap. On day 14 the case cat showed very good changes, namely no itching, crusts had disappeared and hair had grown on the head, ears and upper neck area and normal cat feces consistency. It is recommended that the owner cage and pay attention to the cat's condition to prevent re-infection.
OCCURRENCE OF SPLAY LEG IN A 2-MONTH-OLD LOCAL DOG
laterally and results in a swimming-like posture or the inability of newborn puppies to stand and walk properly, often with their limbs extending forward or sideways as a result of muscle weakness. The purpose of this case report is to discuss the incidence of splay leg in a local dog. A 2-month-old local female puppy with a body weight of 2kg and has white brown hair named Bruno has been limping since birth, the dog was born with four siblings, but only this dog has a limp, the puppy is kept in the house, since the dog was trained to eat the dog was given rice feed mixed with chicken liver, the puppy has not been given vaccinations and deworming. The results of the pre-surgical status examination obtained the frequency of heart rate, pulsus, Capillary Refill Time (CRT) and temperature are still within the normal range. Respiration frequency has increased. The results of the physical examination found abnormalities in both caudal extremities where the puppy's hind legs could not be bent, but the digiti reflexes were still normal, the puppy's abdomen was distended. When palpated on the hind leg, there was a hard part in the thigh area. Radiographic examination showed that at the joint between the femur and tibia-fibula there was a mass with radiopaque opacity. The abdomen was distended as indicated by a mass with radiopaque opacity and the presence of fecal accumulation in the intestines of the case dog. Based on the history, clinical symptoms, results of clinical examination and supporting examination, the case dog was diagnosed with Splay Legs or Swimmer Puppy Syndrome followed by the growth of connective tissue masses in the joints with a prognosis of fausta. Therapies that can be given are massage, as well as physical exercise therapy using a band for 40 days. Surgery is recommended by performing osteotomy surgery. The results of therapy have not shown the expected results. It is recommended that the treatment of dogs with splay leg since birth be carried out immediately so that this disorder does not continue to be permanent and surgery can be performed to remove the growing tissue in the joints to increase healing and increase the possibility of the dog's legs moving normally.
EHRLICHIOSIS IN ONE YEARS OLD MALE DOMESTIC CROSSBREED DOG
Ehrlichiosis is a disease in dogs caused by the Ehrlichia sp bacteria and attacks all ages and breeds. Ehrlichia sp. is an obligate intracellular bacterium. The purpose of writing this case report is to discuss the incidence of ehrlichiosis in domestic crossbreed dogs. The animal case is a domestic crossbreed dog, male, named Beleki, one year old with a body weight of 10.9 kg examined at the Veterinary Internal Medicine Laboratory, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Udayana University with complaints that the dog experienced itching, hair loss, and tick infestation. The results of a clinical examination of the skin found many Riphicephalus sanguineus ticks spread from the neck to the back, there were crusts and small wounds caused by tick bites and the oral mucosa looked pale. Routine hematological examination showed that the dog had hypochromic microcytic anemia, leukopenia, lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia. On blood smear examination, intracytoplasmic inclusions (morula) were found in neutrophils. Serological examination using an antibody test kit showed positive results for Ehrlichia sp., so the dog was diagnosed as suffering from ehrlichiosis. Treatment is carried out by subcutaneous administration of ivermectin (0.3 mg/kg BW), and the antibiotic Doxycycline at a dose of 10 mg/kg BW every 24 hours orally (PO) given for 28 days. Supportive therapy to treat anemia uses Sangobion® hematopoietic supplementation one capsule per day PO for 10 days. The dog case experienced a significant decline in condition on the ninth day and was declared dead on the 12th day. Death occurs due to disorders of the digestive system and is exacerbated by thrombocytopenia, leukopenia and anemia. It is best to immediately carry out an early examination of dogs that have tick infestations on their bodies and clean the rearing environment using disinfectant to avoid transmission of ticks to dogs.