This e-Journal of Linguistics is published by the Doctoral Studies Program of Linguistics of Udayana University Postgraduate Program and colaboration with APBL (Asosiasi Peneliti Bahasa Bahasa Lokal). The existence of the e-Journal of Linguistics aims to publish the results of linguistic research in a number of sub-fields, either microlinguistics, macrolinguistics and applied linguistics. Knowledge development, updating of data, facts, theories, methods, and approaches are the goals of this journal presence. The journal is published twice a year, namely in January and July. Editors publish only those linguistic articles unpublished previously. The authenticity of the article, compliance with the theme of publications, and technical accuracy are prerequisites for receiving and publishing.
The Doctoral Studies Program of Linguistics of Udayana University
Shifting of Topicalization Constructions in Contemporary Javanese
This study examines topicalization strategies in the framework of information structure in Javanese from a diachronic perspective. The main focus of the research is on three constructs: pseudo-cleft and hanging topic as well as the shift from object topicalization of middle Javanese to contemporary Javanese. The method used is corpus-based descriptive qualitative. Middle Javanese data was taken from three written literary texts, while contemporary Javanese data is taken from authentic oral data in the form of transcripts of Javanese sermon podcasts. The analysis was carried out through the stages of structural identification, pragmatic function mapping, and diachronic comparison. The results of the study show three main findings. First, the pseudo-cleft in contemporary Javanese serves as a marker of focus, contrast, and empathy-didactic in the theological register. Second, the hanging topic in contemporary Javanese serves as a marker of thematization, theological politeness on the referent of God, and the organization of oral discourse. Third, there is a shift in object topicalization from middle Javanese which is narrative stylistic without resumptive pronouns, to a productive hanging topic in contemporary Javanese with resumptive -e for cohesion. Diachronically, the study also found that the process of grammaticalization of the iku copula became a mandatory cleft marker in contemporary Javanese.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yana Qomariana, Ketut Artawa, Agus Subiyanto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
OMISSION OF THE PREFIX MENG- AND THE SUFFIX –KAN IN INDONESIAN POETRY: A STYLISTIC STUDY
This study aims to describe the forms of omission regarding the prefix meng- and the suffix –kan in Indonesian poetry and to explain the resulting stylistic functions. This study employs a qualitative method with a linguistic stylistic approach at the morphological level. Data consisting of Indonesian poems containing affix omissions were collected through a literature review technique and analyzed by identifying, classifying, and interpreting the forms of omission. The results indicate that the omission of the prefix meng- and the suffix –kan is a form of linguistic deviation that is systematic and deliberately employed by poets. This omission not only simplifies word forms but also serves to create aesthetic effects, strengthen rhythm, and deliver a more expressive and communicative linguistic impression. Significantly, these findings confirm that morphological deviation in poetry is a stylistic strategy reflecting the poet's creativity and distinctive style. The implications of this study highlight the importance of stylistic analysis in understanding the relationship between linguistic structure and aesthetic value in literary works, particularly in Indonesian poetry
Copyright (c) 2026 Irene Pabuntang, Aryana Nurul Qarimah, A. Fadhilah Utami Ilmi Rifai https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Onomatopoeia in Balinese Fauna Themed Fairy Tales 5th Grade Students of SD N 2 Melaya, Bali
While oral traditions heavily influence children's cognitive development, transitioning these auditory memories into structured written forms often presents phonological challenges. This study aims to investigate the phonotactic and structural characteristics of fauna-themed onomatopoeia spontaneously produced by 5th-grade students at SD N 2 Melaya, Jembrana, Bali, within creative fairy tale writing tasks. Employing a qualitative descriptive research design, data were elicited through controlled chained images depicting Balinese endemic fauna and complemented by unstructured interviews. The results reveal that the student-generated texts exhibit four distinct categories of sound imitation: object sounds, animal sounds, human sounds, and expressions of human feelings. Structurally, these onomatopoeic forms are systematically mapped into monosyllabic, bisyllabic, and multisyllabic syllable patterns. These findings demonstrate how children navigate language constraints to map environmental acoustics into orthographic strings (auditory to orthographic mapping). This study offers crucial theoretical insights into child cognitive linguistics and contributes to the written documentation of environmental-based local wisdom
Copyright (c) 2026 Titis Sugiyantiningtyas, Muttafaqur Rohmah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Shifting Cultural Values in Cockfighting: From Peace Ritual to Gambling in Sabu Raijua
This study examines the transformation of cockfighting, locally known as pei'u manu, within the Sabu Raijua community of East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Traditionally, the practice functioned as a sacred ritual aimed at preventing intergroup violence and restoring communal harmony. Over time, however, its meaning and function have shifted under the influence of modernity, economic pressures, and changing social values. This study employs a qualitative ethnographic approach, utilizing participant observation, in-depth interviews, and document analysis. Data were analyzed thematically to identify shifts in cultural meanings associated with the practice. The findings reveal a significant shift from a communal, sacred ritual centered on peace, morality, and cultural identity to a practice increasingly associated with entertainment, gambling, and economic interests. This study contributes to broader discussions on cultural transformation by demonstrating how local traditions are reinterpreted under contemporary socio-economic conditions, often leading to the reconfiguration of their original meanings.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ifoni Ludji, Thersia M. Tamelan, Zuvyati Aryani Tlonaen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Pronoun System in the Raijua Dialect of the Sabu Language: A Descriptive Study
This study investigates the pronoun system of the Raijua dialect of the Sabu Language spoken in Sabu Raijua Regency, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Pronouns are an essential grammatical category because they not only substitute nouns and noun phrases but also reflect social relationships, cultural identity, and participant involvement in communication. The objectives of this study are to identify the types of pronouns and describe their grammatical and social functions in the Raijua dialect. This research employed a descriptive qualitative design. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, audio recordings, and documentation involving three native speakers of the Raijua dialect. The collected data were transcribed, classified, and analyzed based on pronoun categories and their functions in discourse. The findings reveal seven categories of pronouns in the Raijua dialect, namely personal pronouns, possessive pronouns, reflexive pronouns, demonstrative pronouns, indefinite pronouns, relative pronouns, and distributive pronouns. The analysis further shows that pronouns perform several important functions, including replacing subjects and objects, expressing possession, distinguishing inclusive and exclusive first-person plural references, and reflecting social relationships among speakers. A distinctive characteristic of the Raijua dialect is the contrast between the inclusive pronoun dii (‘we’, including the listener) and the exclusive pronoun 'jii (‘we’, excluding the listener). This inclusive-exclusive distinction represents a significant typological feature of Austronesian languages and demonstrates how linguistic forms encode social interaction and group membership. Furthermore, pronouns such as dii, 'jii, era, and roo serve as markers of solidarity, cultural identity, kinship, and social boundaries within the Raijua-speaking community. This study contributes to descriptive linguistics, Austronesian language typology, and the documentation and preservation of regional languages in Indonesia
Copyright (c) 2026 Resa Monika Ludji, Erny Selfina Nggala Hambandima, Ifoni Ludji https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Women's Marginalization in the Kakawin Ramayana: A Critical Discourse Analysis
The Kakawin Ramayana is one of the most prominent literary works composed in Old Javanese poetic tradition. Within this text, Sita emerges as the central female protagonist whose position becomes marginalized when her chastity is questioned by her husband, Rama. To prove her purity, Sita is compelled to undergo masatya the act of entering a blazing fire as an ordeal of truth and fidelity. This study investigates the phenomenon of masatya in the Kakawin Ramayana using a qualitative research approach. The analysis employs Norman Fairclough's Critical Discourse Analysis framework, encompassing three interrelated dimensions: the textual dimension (microstructural analysis), discourse practice (mesostructural analysis), and sociocultural practice (macrostructural analysis). The findings reveal that the discourse of masatya represents a form of gendered marginalization in which patriarchal authority legitimizes the control of women's bodies and moral integrity. Simultaneously, Sita's acceptance of the ordeal functions as a symbolic act of resistance through which she reasserts her dignity, virtue, and agency. Consequently, the Kakawin Ramayana not only reproduces patriarchal ideology but also provides a literary space in which female subjectivity negotiates power and identity.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ni Made Ari Dwijayanthi, I Nyoman Suarka, I Ketut Sudewa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Syntactic Structures of Indonesian and Indonesian Sign Language (Bisindo) in Song Lyrics
This study aims to describe and compare the syntactic structures of Indonesian and Indonesian Sign Language (Bisindo) in song interpretation. A descriptive qualitative approach with a case study design was employed. The data consist of clauses or sentences from Indonesian song lyrics and their representations in Bisindo gloss, obtained from a video interpretation of the song “Selalu Ada di Nadimu” on TikTok. The data were analyzed using intralingual and extralingual matching methods based on Indonesian syntactic theory, focusing on constituent order, negation system, and the realization of grammatical elements. The results show that Indonesian tends to use a linear structure with relatively fixed order and explicitly realized grammatical elements. In contrast, Bisindo demonstrates flexibility in structuring elements, with a tendency to place the main information at the beginning. Negation in Indonesian appears before the negated element, whereas in Bisindo it tends to occur at the end as emphasis. Some grammatical elements in Indonesian are not realized in Bisindo, yet meaning remains comprehensible. Validation results indicate that the glosses align with natural Bisindo usage. Overall, structural differences do not hinder meaning transmission but reflect different ways of organizing information across modalities.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ni Made Deani Murti, Made Sri Satyawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Inventory and Analysis of Maritime Lexicons in an Ecolinguistic Perspective within the Mandar Community of Gili Tapan
This research aims to inventory, classify, and analyze in-depth the maritime lexicon of the Mandar ethnic community residing on Gili Tapan Island, West Nusa Tenggara. The study employs an ecolinguistic perspective to understand the interconnectedness between linguistic systems, marine ecosystems, and the sociocultural dynamics of the speech community. A descriptive qualitative approach was utilized, incorporating the simak-libat-cakap (engaging observation) technique, participant observation, and in-depth interviews. The results indicate that the Mandar community of Gili Tapan possesses a rich maritime lexicon structured into various semantic categories, such as boat nomenclature, fishing gear, traditional navigation, and marine natural phenomena. From an ecolinguistic standpoint, these lexicons reflect the interdependence between humans and the marine environment. However, the modernization of fishing gear, shifting economic patterns, and marine ecosystem degradation have triggered a shift in local lexicon usage. This trend potentially leads to language loss regarding traditional Mandar maritime knowledge
Copyright (c) 2026 Suparman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Translating IT Terminology in Educational Textbooks
Technological term is a crucial aspect in the advancement of science and technology. Translating these terms from English into Indonesian requires a deep understanding of their linguistic forms, particularly the noun classes that dominate the field. Nouns in technological terminology range from technical and abstract terms to culturally bound concepts, each of which presents unique translation challenges. This study examines the procedures used to translate nouns in English technological terms into Indonesian, focusing on accuracy and readability to the preferences of the target readers. By categorizing terms into singular nouns, proper nouns, and common nouns, and analyzing the translation procedures through the Single Approach (SA) and Pair Approach (PA), this study highlights the dominance of certain procedures. The research findings indicate that the PA with its combined procedures that integrate semantic and communicative translation is effective in maintaining terminological integrity while ensuring cultural and contextual relevance. This study emphasizes the urgency of having systematic translation guidelines to improve the consistency and quality of technical term in Indonesia.
Copyright (c) 2026 Sri Widiastutik, Ni Luh Sutjiati Beratha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Code Mixing Used by Characters in Grand Theft Auto V (GTA V)
Code mixing has become an important topic in sociolinguistics because it reflects how multilingual speakers construct identities and negotiate social relationships. However, its representation in commercial video games remains underexplored. This study investigates the types of English–Spanish code mixing in the dialogues of Grand Theft Auto V (GTA V) and the social factors influencing its variation. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, the study analyzed 14 dialogue excerpts collected from gameplay recordings, selected missions, and cinematic cutscenes. Data were gathered through documentation and systematic note-taking and analyzed using Poplack’s code-mixing classification and the Identity and Interactional Sociolinguistics framework. The findings identify three types of code mixing: intra-sentential, inter-sentential, and tag code mixing. Their occurrence is shaped by ethnicity, regional background, situational context, and social networks, demonstrating that language choice functions as a strategic resource for constructing identities and social relationships rather than as random language alternation. This study extends sociolinguistic research into digital narrative discourse by highlighting video game dialogue as a valuable source for examining multilingual practices and identity construction.
Copyright (c) 2026 Made Adi Wijaya Kusuma, Dewa Ayu Dyah Pertiwi Putri, I Nyoman Muliana https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Construction of the Verb Phrase “Hear” In Indonesian: A Study of Syntax and Semantics
This research aims to analyze the construction of "hear" verb phrases in Indonesian syntactically and semantically. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach with data sourced from a Leipzeg corpus of spoken and written texts. The results show that the construction of the verb phrase "hear" has several structural patterns and different meanings. The structure patterns include: S-P-O: Subject - Predicate - Object; S-P-O-PP: Subject - Predicate – Object - Preposition - Phrase; and S-P-Clause: Subject - Predicate - Clause. The meaning of the construction of the verb phrase "hear" also varies, including: (1) to hear the sound, i.e. this construction is used to state that the subject perceives the sound through his/her hearing; (2) to hear the news; i.e. this construction is used to state that the subject receives information through his/her hearing; (3) to hear explanation; i.e. this construction is used to state that the subject receives explanation through his/her hearing. This study also shows that the construction of the verb phrase "hear" can be modified with various phrases, such as time phrases, place phrases, and manner phrases. These modifications can change the meaning and the function of the construction of the verb phrase “hear” in the sentence.
Copyright (c) 2026 Asridayani, I Ketut Artawa, 3Made Sri Satyawati, Ketut Widya Purnawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Effectiveness of an Integrated CSP-Based Teaching Strategy on Tourism Chinese Proficiency Among Hotel Management Students in Bali
Abstract This study aims to evaluate a comprehensive Chinese for Specific Purposes (CSP) teaching strategy, which attempts to improve the tourism Chinese proficiency of hotel management students in Bali, Indonesia. Twenty-five students from a hotel management undergraduate class participated in this classroom action research intervention. Under the guidance of CSP, the study adopted a comprehensive teaching strategy, integrating Audiolingual Method (ALM), Performed Culture Approach (PCA) and Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT). The two-month study also used an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design: pre-test and post-test scores, classroom observation, focus group discussion and semi-structured individual interviews were triangulated for verification. After implementing the teaching strategy, the average score of the study class rose from 50.2 to 74.44, and the pass rate climbed from 24% to 68%. Normalized gain analysis shows that the method has a moderate effect; and among all tasks, the most significant progress is reflected in the weakest professional task areas, and the vast majority of learners have made quantifiable progress. The research results confirm that despite the limited teaching conditions, the demand-oriented and step-by-step CSP framework can still bridge the gap between general Chinese knowledge and tourism Chinese communication. Keywords: tourism Chinese, Chinese for specific purposes, integrated teaching strategy, classroom action research, hotel management, Bali
Copyright (c) 2026 NA TU, Ni Luh Ketut Mas Indrawati, Luh Putu Laksminy, Putu Ayu Asty Senja Pratiwi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
English – Indonesian Passive Sentences in Cookbook
This research focuses on the English-Indonesian passive sentence in cookbook. The aim of this research is to find out how the English passive sentence translated into Indonesian passive one cookbook. The data source was taken from English cookbook entitled The Essential Book of Sauces & Dressings written by Lowery, et.al and published by Periplus, Singapore and the translation into Indonesian entitled “Saus dan Dressing yang esensial” translated by Hadyana P. and published by Periplus, Indonesia. The methods of collecting data are observation and documentation. Scintific article tends to use passive sentence rather than active one. This is intended to show the product and disappear the doer. In doing the works, the translator translated English passive voice into Indonesian passive voice in several ways. The results show in English cookbook found some passive constructions which are translated also into passive construction in TL. The passive construction in English cookbook are in the form of present tense (is/are + V past participle), modal passive (modal + be + V past participle), present perfect tense (has + been + V past participle). The translation in Indonesian are translated into passive construction by using verbs added by prefix di-, active construction with active verbs, and verbs added by prefix ter-.
Copyright (c) 2026 Kadek Ayu Ekasani, Ni Luh Ketut Mas Indrawati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Expansion Clauses Application in Pan Balang Tamak Text
Pan Balang Tamak text is one of famous Balinese texts in Balinese community. However, the popularity of the text has declined since more than years ago especially in the youth. This is because of more interesting and modern entertainment. This phenomenon made the stakeholders feel worried because it led it to get extinct therefore, the stake holders anticipated it. One of the efforts to prevent from the extinct was to write Pan Balang Tamak text. The text was written in some version with their own styles. However, the essence of all variances is similar. The text belongs to be narrative text therefore it needs more abstract comprehension to find the character of the figures, message and ideology of the text. Most of the communities comprehended the text from literal point of view. This was the reason why the text was viewed to have different interpretation about the characters of the text. Besides that, the clauses within the complexes were not comprehended well based on the functions in the clauses complexes. To find the characteristic of the figures of the text, expansion clause becomes prime concern. This paper analyzed the clause functions within the expansion clauses. The data were taken from Satua satua Bali Pan Balang Tamak (2014). The theory used to analyze the data was the theory of clause complex proposed by Halliday. The method hired for this research was library research by syntactical technique. The finding of the research suggested that all kinds of expansion clause be hired in the text such as: elaboration, extension and enhancement. Enhancement clauses were found in the most varieties. Elaboration and expansion in paratactic clauses indicated that Pan Balang Tamak did something different from others did while enhancement clauses in hypotactic indicated that Pan Balang Tamak became target.
Copyright (c) 2026 I Ketut Suardana, I Nyoman Sedeng, Putu Sutama https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Rhetorical Moves in Research Article Introductions of Students of Linguistics Master Program
This research investigated the rhetorical moves in the introduction part to the research article written by graduate students in Linguistics master's study programs. The primary purpose of this research is to describe the pattern of rhetorical moves in the research article introductions in the field of Linguistics. The data collection technique was in the form of scientific article documentation consisting of seven research article introductions in English in the field of Linguistics. Researchers collected data in the form of text with document analysis and note-taking techniques. These research articles were taken from four different journal publishers in Indonesia, namely Alphabet, Kelasa, Batra, and Suar Betang. The rhetorical analysis in this study involves the concept of the Project Justifying Model (PJM) proposed by Safnil (2010), which consists of four communicative moves that can describe the rhetorical moves of Indonesian writers. The validity of the data in this rhetorical pattern study used the triangulation of sources or data. The results of this study indicate that the seven introductions have different rhetorical moves. The four research article introductions taken from the Alphabet produced fewer rhetorical steps compared to the other three research articles. The most dominant signal found in the seven research article introductions is (move 4, step A) represents a statement in explaining the purpose of the study. The seven research article introductions found no statements that represented the five steps contained in each move.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jevi Mahardika, Sri E. Tabiati, Hamamah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Relationship between Language Learning Strategies used by Vocational Students and Level of Proficiency
The vocational college students instructed by the teacher to used self- directed learning in learning English outside classroom or during the internship. Due to the requirement of graduation which they should pass the TOEFL test after the internship. The self-directed learning is exercised by managing students’ Language Learning Strategies (LLS) which known could improve language proficiency. Hereby, this study identifies: (1) the language learning strategy used by vocational college learners based on high and low proficient, (2) the relationship between language learning strategy and English proficiency of high proficient, (3) the relationship between language learning strategy and English proficiency of high proficient. The participant of this study is 52 students of Politeknik Kota Malang which willing to complete the Strategy Inventory of Language Learning (SILL) and done the TOEFL test. This study employed correlational research design to identify the relationship between variables which is multiple regression analysis employed in this study. There are six strategies of language learning strategies by Oxford (1990) as the independent variables (predictors) and English proficiency (criterion) as the dependent variable. The result showed that Although, language learning strategy cannot simultaneously predict the English proficiency of high proficient and low proficient, compensation strategy reported as high frequently used by high proficient learners. While metacognitive strategies reported used by low proficient learners.
Copyright (c) 2026 Hilda Yustitiasari, Esti Junining, Sahiruddin https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Morphological Interference of Muna Language Speakers in the Use of Indonesian Language
This study aims to examine the Muna language interference on the morphological aspects as a symptom of language that generally occurs in bilingual people. The influence of Muna language as a mother tongue and the difference between the morphological system of Muna and Indonesian is very possible for interference. This study was conducted with 20 participants from different community groups within the scope of Kecamatan Mawasangka, Kabupaten Buton Tengah. The data were collected using observation method with involved and uninvolved conversation, records and transcribing technique then analyzed using padan or Contrastive method to determine the presence of morphological interference. The result showed that Interference in the aspect of affixation in this research occurs in the formation of the prefix {ka-}, prefix {kafo-}, prefix {ta-}, and confix {ka-...-i}. whereas in the aspect of reduplication the interference symptoms are found in the form of partial reduplication of the Muna language morphological system. Finally, the suggestion in this research that it is expected that the readers can have better understanding about interference and be more careful in using language. so as to reduce interference or distortion in language.
Copyright (c) 2026 Laode Darmin, Putu Dian Danayanti Degeng, Esti Junining https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
An Analysis of Denotation and Connotation in Chairil Anwar’s Poem
This study primarily investigates denotative and connotative meaning in words. Both of denotation and connotation are helpful for readers of poetry to find the interpretations and implied meaning. This analysis focuses on meaning of words that was taken randomly from a poem. The data is analyzed descriptively using Griffith’s concept about three stages of interpretation, there are literal meaning, explicature and implicature. The result shows that a word not only has denotation, but also negative and positive connotation. Both of negative and positive connotations are possible that refer to an expression or a word. The major finding of the study is every word has one connotative meaning either negative or positive.
Copyright (c) 2026 Daumi Rahmatika Zuhdah, Shinta Nuriya Idatul Alfain https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Pemaliq of Sexual Organ within the Culture of Sasak Community: Linguistic Anthropology Study
The focus of this study is pemaliq (taboo) of sexual organs within the culture of the Sasak community. This research was conducted with the aims of finding certain words used as an evasion for sexual organs and investigating the Sasak community’s view through the expression of evasion words. The data was collected by applying the method of participant observation and in-depth interviews. The data analysis showed that the evasion words used by the Sasak community for sexual organs are words in the form of euphemisms: pepa (for male and female genitals) and also words in metaphorical form: anak cobek (for male genital), cobek tombong, and dompet (for female genital). The Sasak community believes the use of evasion words in communication can create a psychological comfort and will not make the speakers feel abashed
Copyright (c) 2026 Suliadi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
City Strunggle: Rural and Urban Cultural Space in Bali In the Modern Indonesian Poetry of the 1960s—2012
This research is based on the space discourse that represents the city and its environment in modern Indonesian literature in Bali in the 1960s—2012. City and Bali are presented as a setting of events through space that shows the city as a social configuration of its people. The research problem formulation is (1) rural and urban concepts in the appearance of tourist cities in Bali and (2) decentering Bali and Bali's changes in the poems of the 1960s—2012. The data collection of this research used the library method with note taking technique. Descriptive analytic analysis is used as a method with critical interpretive techniques. To analyze the data Derrida's deconstruction theory was used, specifically decentering the rural and urban cultural paradigm which places the text as a social construction. The results and discussion of this research show that, first, poems of Balinese poets have a tendency not to place cities as spaces as centers of progress, but cities that show individual awareness in the middle of the city. Second, decentering Bali is a hierarchical struggle that places rural and urban culture as a contradiction of urban spatial policy with the efforts of the community to defend its culture. Therefore, the poems of the 1960s— 2012 about Bali was a battle of discourses that put the binary opposition to form because of the concept of rural and urban areas.
Copyright (c) 2026 Puji Retno Hardiningtyas, I Nyoman Weda Kusuma, I Gusti Ayu Agung Mas Triadnyan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Meaning Difference of Lexicon “Sakit” in Bimanese: A Semantic Perspective
The current study attempts to describe the lexicon “sakit” in Bimanese used by Mbojo ethnic group in daily communication and analyze the meaning difference from the semantic perspective. The research applied descriptive qualitative method of analysis and the data were collected by using fishbowl, recording, and note taking technique. Based on the data analysis the findings reveal that thirteen lexicons “sakit“ are used by Mbojo ethnic group in daily communication including supu [supu], hengge [hengge], sari’i [sari’i], rambo [rambo], mbalo [mbalo], mancoro [mancoro], kantero [kantero], duha [duha], pili [pili], ngelu [ngelu], ncara oi [ncara ᴐwi], mbowi [mb ᴐwi] and winte [winte].
Copyright (c) 2026 Umar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Cross-Gender Inovativeness of Using Code Switching in Indonesan TV Talk Show
Speakers will usually choose the appropriate code (certain languages, dialects, or variations of the same language) when communicating. The use of code switching by inserting English words, phrases, sentences, or clauses into Indonesian utterances is the implication of a bilingual speaker. This paper aims at analyzing the types and factors of using code switching by male participants and female participants in Indonesian TV talk shows. Data in this study is taken from a corpus of transcribed spoken text (82.270 words in total) from total 17 episodes from two talk shows aired on two different television programs. The results show that female and male participants in their roles as hosts, guests, and co-host switch codes in their speech. They can be said to be creative and innovative speakers
Copyright (c) 2026 Luh Putu Laksminy https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Exploring Scribling in Padang City Public Sphere
The aim of this study is to explore language in written form that is visible through scribbling in the Padang city public sphere, and focus to describes the linguistic preferences as scribbling form. This study reveal categories of scribbling form which are: (1) form category base on element of language system such as words, phrases, and sentences; (2) form category base on composition of language use such as monolingual, bilingual, and multilingual. Languages compositions in monolingual are Bahasa Indonesia, Minangkabau, English, Arabic, Japanese, Italian, and Spain. Languages composition in bilingual which are, Indonesia + English, Indonesia + Minangkabau, English + Minangkabau, Indonesia + Arabic, English + Arabic, and English + Japanese. Languages composition in bilingual which are Indonesia + Inggris + Minangkabau, Indonesia + English + Arab, Indonesia + English + Latin, and Indonesia + English + Minangkabau + Japanese.
Copyright (c) 2026 Yendra, Yendra https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Ritual of Ecolexicon in the Text of Batar in Tetun Fehan Malaka,Timor, East Nusa Tenggara Province: Ecolinguistic View
This paper entitled "The Ritual of Ecolexicon in the Text of Batar in Tetun Fehan Malaka East Nusa Tenggara Province: Ecolinguistic view is a part of the corpus of local wisdom that needs to be examined for the sake of sustainability of eternity ecology of batar. This research aims to analyze and discover the ritual process in text of batar by applying the theory of ecolinguistic focusing on three logical dimensions (ideological, biological, and sociological); that supported the theory of linguistic and cultural linguistic theory. The approach used in this research is descriptive qualitative with quantitative naturalistic in nature. This research applies fieldwork methods. The form of research uses the method of participation observation, interviews, and triangulations. The text of batar is rich of noun, categorical, verb, adjective, and numeral lexicons. The implementation of the four dimensions of modification gave birth to a totality in dissecting the financial ecolexicon in interdependence with the inner rituals, namely ideological dimensions, biological dimensions, sociological dimensions and textual dimensions. Keywords: Batar Text, Lexicon, Ritual, Tetun Fehan
Copyright (c) 2026 Maria Magd.Namok Nahak, I Wayan Simpen https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
A Morphosyntactical Analysis of University Students’ Writing: Indonesian Case
Different grammar between languages often causes confusion to those who learn it. Students often experience such problems when their first language (L1) and the target language (L2) share very limited linguistic aspects. This study aims to focus on the morphosyntactic issues that lead to the grammatical errors which take place in the English writing of Indonesian university students taking writing class and to analyze the potential sources of their mistakes. The data from this study were collected from a writing assignment in three Writing classes. This research followed the steps initiated by James (1998), among others: collecting data, identifying errors, classifying errors, explaining errors, and finding sources of errors. The results revealed that of the 2.218 grammatical errors found, they could be classified into two main error types: morphological errors (81.97%) and syntactic errors (18.03%) which were divided into 32 specific errors. The findings suggest that the Indonesian students are not fully aware how to use the plural marker ‘s’ as well the ‘3rd singular’ in present tense. Moreover, they cannot build a simple sentence due to the different word-order and sentence structure between Indonesian and English in terms of morphology and syntax.With regard to the potential sources of error, both inter-language errors and intralingual errors and developments have an influence on errors made in writing. Errors between languages occur when students try to use their knowledge of the L1 structure to obtain the target language, but the differences between the two languages cause errors. Intralingual and developmental errors are found because of difficulties and problems in the target language itself. The findings in this study are very useful for the process of learning English especially in writing skills.
Copyright (c) 2026 Inayatul Mukarromah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Verb “Memukul’ in the Balinese Language Dialect Spoken at Taro Village: A Natural Semantic Metalanguage Study
The people living at Taro village speak the Balinese language as their daily language. As the speakers of the Balinese languge, they never neglect the speech order, as can be seen from the fact that they still use the Balinese words, which in the modern era, have been neglected, resulting in the fact that many people are not familiar with a number of words, especially those which belong to the verb word class, one of which is the verb “ngetok” (hit). The Balinese language has a great number of verbs; however, the current study only analyses the verb “ngetok’ (hit) using the theory of Natural Metalanguage Semantics (NMS). The verb “ngetok” (hit) has a great number of equivalents; they are ngebug, ngedig, nigtig, ngupek, megambel, mugpugin, mukpukin, ngukul, nungting, ngempug, nyakcak, noktok, ngeplokin, nebuk, ngaasin, nepung, ngintuk, ngalocok, namplak, nyemés, nempéléng, nyagur, nyepédin, nglamet, ngamplongin, ngamplengin, ngemplangin, nglentangin, ngaplekin, nyontok, nylimed and mentil. One verb is different from another, although they are all used to express the action of hitting something or someone, depending on what tool is used to hit and the subject and object which are hit. The verb “ngetok” (hit) in the Balinese language has two different meanings; namely doing something and taking place, which can be explained using the explication technique in which it is described that “X does something on Y, causing something either bad or good to occur to Y”. Such differences in meaning can be obtained through the analysis of the original meaning using the non-compositional polysemy.
Copyright (c) 2026 I Made Dian Saputra, I Nyoman Suarka, I Wayan Cika https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Filippo Grandi Reports on Rohingya Refugee Crisis In Bangladesh: Engagement Evaluation
This study concerns with the use of Appraisal Theory developed by Martin & White (2005), under subsumed of engagement system domain. The engagement system deals with dialogic perspective between speakers and listeners, which is influenced by the approach of Bakhtin/ Voloshinov, called heteroglossia. Heteroglossic backdrop reveals the proposition lies behind what is stated. In this study, a verbal interaction between speaker and listener is presented in the form of press conference release. Currently serving Head Commissioner of United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), Filippo Grandi, held a press conference release containing of his visiting report to the camp shelter of Rohingya refugee in Bangladesh. The press conference release is a recorded-video type one, which has approximately 27:30” in length. It is led by a moderator, reported by the Head Commissioner and joined by 6 follow- up questions. Regarding to engagement system used, the utterances are then transcribed into a transcript, thus it gains approximately 395 clauses, moreover, only the utterances spoken by the Head Commissioner taken as the engagement locution realizations. The objectives of this research fall into three: a) to find out the most predominant heteroglossic backdrop Grandi encodes; b) to recognize the values and viewpoint Grandi intends to convey in his report; and c) to identify the authorial voice Grandi uses in addressing his beliefs of the Rohingya refugee crisis to the audiences. The qualitative descriptive method is applied. It is found that contract-disclaim-counter dominates the report by accounts of 55 realizations. It implies that the facts, Grandi reports may against audiences’ expectation, yet in another clause, he describes the situation which can reform audiences’ different viewpoints toward the crisis.)
Copyright (c) 2026 Soraya Grabiella Dinamika, Yurial Arief Lubis https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Illocutionary Speech Acts in Indonesian Language Learning at High School
The purpose of this study is to describe the types of illocution in the form of verbal speech acts between teachers and students in learning Indonesian language at Senior High School 1- Tampaksiring, Gianyar, Bali. This study applied descriptive qualitative analysis with the support of audio- visual recordings technique, observation methods, documentation methods that combined with pragmatics and classification techniques. The results of the study have shown that the types of illocution, with the order of use, are directive function (40%), expressive (25%), assertive (20%), commissive (10%), and declarative (5%) in teacher and student speech acts.
Copyright (c) 2026 Dewa Ayu Widiasri https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Multiple Violatings of Maxim in Indonesian Lawak Klub (ILK) by The Main Speakers in One Episode of Cara Cepat Menjadi Kaya
The study deals with the types of maxim violation in Indonesian Lawak Klub (ILK) done by the main speakers. The objectives of study were to describe the violation of maxim, to describe the dominant type of maxim violating and the reason of violating maxim. The data were the dialogue of main speakers in Indonesian Lawak Club (ILK). This research was conducted using descriptive qualitative and focused on one episode of cara cepat menjadi kaya. The findings showed that there are 70 violating of maxim of quantity, 71 violating of maxim of quality, 144 vioalating of maxim of relevance, and 27 violating of maxim of manner. The reasons of the dominant violating of maxim of relevance are to widen discussion related to the topic and make interactive and atractive discussion.
Copyright (c) 2026 Samsudin, Sukarismanti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
This paper deals with the constructions of passive and antipassive in Sasak Kuto-Kute dialect (SKD) related to valency decrease. The study involved 70 verbs proposed by Malchukov and Comrie (2010) and applying the theory of typology linguistics from Dixon (2012) for data analysis. The finding showed that passive in this dialect can appear in three forms: the use of morphological marking (confix ke- - n), syntactic marking (preposition siq ‘by’) and no markings at all. For the last form, the construction can only be detected through the movements of the arguments with the case being limited to A with singular pronouns (ku ‘I’, diq ‘you’ and ia ‘s/he’), and first plural pronoun (kami ‘we’). The syntactic passive marker in SKD is very productive and more common compared to the morphological marker. As for antipassive, in this dialect the construction was found to be formed only through morphological markings, which involved the use of nasal prefixes such as meny- and me- and confix ng- -ang as the AP markers.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurul Azizah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0