PENGARUH SUKU BUNGA RIIL DAN FAKTOR INSTITUSIONAL TERHADAP ARUS MASUK FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (FDI) INDONESIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24843/Abstract
ABSTRAK
Dalam dua dekade terakhir, arus masuk Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) ke Indonesia menunjukkan fluktuasi ekstrem, dengan nilai yang berulang kali mencapai puncak tertinggi lalu jatuh drastis. Meskipun Indonesia merupakan penerima FDI terbesar kedua di ASEAN, kontribusi FDI terhadap PDB nasional hanya sekitar 1,6 persen pada tahun 2023, jauh di bawah target 4,5 persen yang dicanangkan dalam Visi Indonesia 2045. Lebih lanjut, ICOR Indonesia mencapai 6,33, tertinggi di kawasan ASEAN, yang mencerminkan rendahnya efisiensi investasi. Kesenjangan antara potensi ekonomi yang besar dan realisasi daya tarik investasi yang belum optimal ini menjadi research gap utama yang mendasari penelitian. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh suku bunga riil, stabilitas politik, kualitas regulasi, dan hak kepemilikan terhadap arus masuk FDI Indonesia periode 2004-2023. Metode yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan data time series, diestimasi melalui Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) dan transformasi First Difference dengan taraf nyata α = 10%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara simultan keempat variabel independen berpengaruh signifikan terhadap FDI pada taraf nyata 10%. Secara parsial, suku bunga riil terbukti berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan, sementara hak kepemilikan terbukti berpengaruh positif dan signifikan. Sebaliknya, stabilitas politik dan kualitas regulasi tidak menunjukkan pengaruh yang signifikan secara parsial dalam model ini. Implikasi hasil penelitian ini mengonfirmasi secara teoretis bahwa biaya modal dan kepastian perlindungan hak milik merupakan faktor utama yang memengaruhi keputusan investor asing di Indonesia. Temuan ini memperkuat integrasi teori investasi Keynes, teori biaya transaksi, dan teori kelembagaan North dalam menjelaskan determinan FDI di negara berkembang. Tidak signifikannya stabilitas politik dan kualitas regulasi mengindikasikan bahwa efektivitas implementasi kebijakan di lapangan lebih menentukan daripada sekadar indikator administratif atau stabilitas makro-politik semata.
Kata Kunci: Foreign Direct Investment, Hak Kepemilikan, Kualitas Regulasi, Stabilitas Politik, Suku Bunga Riil.
ABSTRACT
Over the past two decades, Indonesia’s inflows of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) have exhibited extreme fluctuations, repeatedly reaching peak levels before declining sharply. Although Indonesia is the second-largest recipient of FDI in ASEAN, its contribution to national GDP was only about 1.6 percent in 2023, far below the 4.5 percent target set in the Indonesia Vision 2045. Furthermore, Indonesia’s ICOR reached 6.33, the highest in ASEAN, reflecting low investment efficiency. The gap between Indonesia’s vast economic potential and the suboptimal realization of investment attractiveness constitutes the main research gap underlying this study. This research aims to analyze the effects of real interest rates, political stability, regulatory quality, and property rights on FDI inflows to Indonesia during the period 2004-2023. The method employed is quantitative, using time series data estimated through Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and First Difference transformation with a significance level of α = 10%. The findings indicate that, simultaneously, the four independent variables significantly affect FDI at the 10% significance level. Partially, real interest rates have a negative and significant effect, while property rights have a positive and significant effect. Conversely, political stability and regulatory quality do not show significant partial effects in this model. The implications of these findings theoretically confirm that capital costs and the assurance of property rights protection are the main factors influencing foreign investors’ decisions in Indonesia. These results reinforce the integration of Keynes’ investment theory, transaction cost theory, and North’s institutional theory in explaining FDI determinants in developing countries. The insignificance of political stability and regulatory quality suggests that the effectiveness of policy implementation in practice is more decisive than mere administrative indicators or macro-political stability.
Keywords: Foreign Direct Investment, Real Interest Rate, Political Stability, Regulatory Quality, Property Rights.
References
Suryadi, M., Nyoman, N., Suasih, R., Bagus, I., Purbadharmaja, P., Nyoman, I., & Yasa, M. (2024). The Influence of Investment, Population, Labor, Education, and Household Consumption on Economic Growth in Bali Province. International Journal of Economics and Management Sciences, 1(2), 102–115. https://doi.org/10.61132/ijems.v1i2.49
Wulandari, A. A. A. K., & Pratiwi, I. A. M. (2025). Institutional Quality and Foreign Direct Investment in Indonesia. International Journal of Management Research and Economics, 3(2), 263–272. https://doi.or g/10.54066/ijmre-itb.v3i2.3390
Amalia, N. (2022). Political Stability, Index Perception of Corruption and Direct Foreign Investment in Southeast Asia. E-Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Udayana, 11(2), 187–196. https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/EEB/
Mustaqim, S., & Widanta, A. A. B. P. (2021). Pengaruh Ekspor, Kurs, & Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) terhadap Cadangan Devisa Indonesia Periode Tahun 1980-2017. E-Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan, 10(4), 1566–1595. https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/eep/article/view/52799
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 E-Jurnal Ekonomi Pembangunan

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.





