Bioremediasi Berbasis Zonasi Menggunakan Konsorsium Agen Biologis untuk Pengelolaan Eutrofikasi di Danau Batur: Sebuah Ulasan Naratif

Abstract

Lake Batur is experiencing severe ecological degradation due to accelerated eutrophication driven by massive organic loading and nutrient enrichment from non-point source anthropogenic activities. This narrative review aims to synthesize empirical evidence on the efficacy of bioremediation agents and formulate targeted aquatic restoration strategies. The synthesis reveals that the simultaneous application of a multi-biological consortium (heterotrophic bacteria, photosynthetic microalgae, and littoral macrophytes) exhibits superior nutrient reduction and organic carbon degradation via a mutualistic, closed-loop system compared to single-species setups. As a tactical solution, this study proposes a novel zone-based operational framework that divides Lake Batur into four distinct biocontrol intervention clusters: the Littoral Zone, Limnetic-Cage Aquaculture (KJA) Zone, Weed-Impacted Coastal Zone, and Anthropogenic Hubs. The practical implication of this framework provides lake managers with a precise decision-making matrix to deploy eco-technologies directly at pollutant sources, including installing floating bio-filter mats around aquaculture zones and constructing wetlands along coastlines. However, as most data originate from controlled setups, executing direct in-situ field validation remains a primary limitation and a mandatory prerequisite to evaluate the consortium’s resilience against the real environmental fluctuations of the volcanic caldera before macro-scale implementation.