Hubungan Klorofil-a, Suhu Permukaan Laut dan PAR Terhadap Hasil Tangkapan Ikan Kembung di Selat Bali Menggunakan Citra Satelit Aqua Modis

Abstract

The Bali Strait is a highly productive fishing ground for pelagic fisheries, particularly Indian mackerel, which has significant economic value. The distribution and abundance of Indian mackerel are influenced by oceanographic conditions, especially chlorophyll-a concentration, SST, and PAR. This study aims to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of chlorophyll-a, SST, and PAR and to examine their relationships with Indian mackerel catches in the Bali Strait during the period 2015–2024. Chlorophyll-a, SST, and PAR data were obtained from Aqua MODIS Level-3 satellite imagery, while Indian mackerel catch data were collected from Pengambengan Fishing Port, Muncar Coastal Fishing Port, and Kedonganan Fish Landing Base. Spatial and temporal analyses were conducted using data processing software and Microsoft Excel, and the relationships between variables were examined using Pearson correlation analysis. The results indicate that chlorophyll-a exhibits a strong seasonal pattern, with low concentrations during January–March (0–0.4 mg/m³), increasing during April–May (0.4–0.7 mg/m³), and reaching peak values during July–September (0.6–1.0 mg/m³). SST shows the highest temperatures in February–March (30.5–30.7 °C) and the lowest in August (26.3–26.5 °C), while PAR ranges from 36 to 58 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹, with maximum values occurring in September–October. Chlorophyll-a shows a low to moderate positive correlation with Indian mackerel catches (r = 0.2–0.4), SST exhibits seasonally variable correlations from strongly positive to strongly negative, and PAR shows a low positive correlation. Overall, Indian mackerel catches in the Bali Strait are influenced by the dynamic and seasonal interaction of oceanographic parameters.