Advances in Tropical Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences

Impact of Implementing Ex-Foreign Ship Moratorium Policy on Tuna Fishing Business in Benoa, Bali

2023-06-22T16:10:44+00:00

Regulation of the Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries number 56 of 2014 and Regulation of the Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries number 10 of 2015 help realize responsible fisheries management and combat Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated (IUU) Fishing in Fisheries Management Area of the Republic of Indonesia (WPP NRI). The policy of temporarily stopping permits (moratorium) for ships manufactured overseas (ex-foreign vessels) directly impacts fishermen working on ex-foreign vessels in the form of reduced income to loss of livelihoods. The research used a retrospective approach where policy analysis is carried out on the consequences of a policy after the policy is implemented. It is usually referred to as an evaluative analysis model, so it is expected to produce information that can improve the quality of the policies implemented by the government. The study aimed to determine the moratorium's impact on capture fisheries licensing on business activities, especially on fishing effort, catch per unit effort (CPUE), and socioeconomic conditions of fisheries at Benoa Harbor, Bali. This research was conducted from March to October 2022 in the Benoa Harbor Area, Bali. The data in this study were obtained from observation, interviews, questionnaires, and literature/document studies. The moratorium policy for ex-foreign vessels, followed by a ban on transshipment, significantly changed the pattern of trade, particularly for tuna, which was dominated initially by fresh tuna to frozen tuna with a lower value. The longline catches are dominated by Thunnus alalunga, followed by Thunnus maccoyii, Thunnus albacares, and Thunnus obesus. The total of ships in 2014 was 915 units, and only 246 ships remained in 2018. The significant decrease in fish landings in 2015-2017 is a real impact of the moratorium on ex-foreigners in Benoa. The results of the data analysis show that in 2014 the number of attempts was 2,264, which continued to decline until 2018, with only 697 trips.

Identification of Mangrove Zonation in Sondaken Village, Bunaken National Park Area

2023-07-04T00:37:57+00:00

Sondaken Village has three mangrove zones, each with its own type of plant. The first zone, facing directly towards the sea, is dominated by Avicennia sp. The second zone, in the middle, is characterized by Rizophora sp. The third zone, closer to the land, is predominantly Bruguiera sp. Mangroves have different levels of growth, including seedling level, stake level, pole level, and tree level. The purpose of this study was to determine the types and growth levels of mangroves within its zonation in Sondaken Village, which is part of Bunaken National Park Area. This was done using exploratory and descriptive survey methods, by creating 3 plots in each zone from the edge to the center, with sizes of 10x10 m², 5x5 m², and 2x2 m². The research found that mangrove in Sondaken Village consist of Avicennia sp, Rizophora sp, and Bruguiera sp, with the number of individuals per species being 124, 133, and 113 individuals respectively. Each type of mangrove has different growth levels and numbers.

Identification of Orchid Plants Species in the East Tomohon Forest Area

2023-07-10T21:54:22+00:00

Orchids which belong to the Orchidaceae family, are popular ornamental plants that are loved by many people. It is estimated that there are around 5,000 species of orchids in Indonesia. Orchids live in various habitats including epiphytic, terrestrial, lithophytic, and saprophytic. Environmental factors such as temperature, air humidity, soil pH, and light intensity can affect the growth, development, and spread of orchids. Tomohon City is known as one of Indonesia's largest flower producers, one of that is orchids. In the East Tomohon forest area, various types of orchids were found, but the types of orchids that grow have not been identified. The purpose of this study was to identify the types of orchids that grow in the East Tomohon forest area based on their morphology. The identification of orchid plants is done by observing the morphological characteristics of the shape of leaves, roots, stems, colors, and flower shapes in detail so that their taxonomy can be known. The research was conducted on August 5-19, 2022 using the cruising method (exploratory survey) the acquisition of data was analyzed descriptively. The results of research on Orchid Plant Species in the East Tomohon Forest Area found 192 individuals consisting of 10 orchid species, 4 species are terrestrial orchids, they are Calanthe tripilcata (18), Nervilia aragoana (13), Phaius thankervilleae (21), Vanda sp. (25), and 6 species are epiphytic orchids, they are Coelogyne asperata (16), Coelogyne pandurata (17), Cattleya sp. (21), Dendrobium crumenatum, Oncidium ornithorhynchum (18), Phalaenopsis amabilis (27).

Primer Design and in Silico PCR for Detection Microsatellite Locus on Cassava (Manihot esculenta) as an Early Study of Genetic Diversity of Gluten Free Food Crops

2023-10-06T04:22:38+00:00

Food allergy is a hypersensitive reaction of the body to certain substances that should not be harmful. One of the basic ingredients of foods that are reported to contain allergens is wheat. The type of allergen in wheat is found in gluten, which produces the protein gliadin. The protein gliadin is thought to be the cause of allergic reactions, especially in children and people who have celiac disease. Local food ingredients such as cassava can be used as alternative raw materials for gluten-free food products. The genetic diversity test of cassava is needed to determine the genetic variation of the cassava population and the ability to adapt to natural surroundings. Study of genetic diversity of a plant population can be analyzed by DNA fingerprinting technique using microsatellite molecular markers in the PCR method. Primer selection is a crucial stage because the position of the primer attachment will determine the success of the amplification process. Primer design and in silico PCR assay were carried out as a preliminary study to design the right primer to attach to a specific template. The method used digitally with the help of the NCBI Pick Primer page and FastPCR software for PCR stimulation, knowing the position of the primer attachment, precisely determining the primer and the length of the resulting amplicon. The results obtained in the form of 5 pairs of primer sequences attached to the microsatellite polymorphic locus. The length of the amplicon produced in each primer was 167 bp, 195 bp, 155 bp, 161 bp and 112 bp. The basis of primer selection consists of the length of the primary base, the TM value (melting temperature), the percentage of GC amount and the possibility of the formation of dimers between primers.

Effect of Using Different Culture Media on the Growth of Phytoplankton Tetraselmis chuii

2023-11-08T15:03:50+00:00

This study was conducted to determine the effect of different culture media on the growth of Tetraselmis chuii. This study used the experimental method. The treatments used in this study were P1 (GRIM Standard), P2 (GRIM+Clewat-32), P3 (Jasfa Yaeyama), and P4 (GRIM KNO₃ Clewat-32). The experimental procedure consisted of a pre-research process to observe and calculate the population density and cell size observation of Tetraselmis chuii. The results showed that different culture media affected the population density of Tetraselmis chuii. Optimum growth was obtained in the culture medium GRIM + KNO₃ Clewat-32, reaching 30.3× 10⁶ cells/ml. One-way ANOVA test with a significance level of 95% showed that the difference in media had a significant effect on the growth of Tetraselmis chuii with a value of F = 1.09, P < 0.05. The results of the Duncan test showed that cell density in media A (Grim Standard) was significantly different from media treatments C (Jasfa Yaeyama) and D (GRIM KNO₃ Clewat-32). Still, treatment A was not significantly different from treatment B (GRIM Clewat-32), nor was treatment B significantly different from treatments C and D. The cell size of Tetraselmis chuii at the time of the study in all treatments obtained an average value of 6.84 - 11.55 µ. The water quality required for T. chuii is suitable for culture media.

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Management of Coral Aquaculture

2024-02-06T18:15:50+00:00

This research aims to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on coral aquaculture businesses and management strategies in dealing with the pandemic. This research was a quantitative descriptive research. This research used the triangulation method (questionnaire, interview, and observation). This research was conducted at three coral aquaculture companies and a cultured coral transplantation site owned by a private company in Bali. The results showed that the COVID-19 pandemic had a more favorable impact on the coral aquaculture industry, such as the ability to become a source of income for the locals during the pandemic. The difficulties in conducting export activities and restricted mobility were some of the challenges encountered by coral aquaculture businesses during the pandemic. Additionally, the results showed that in order for coral aquaculture businesses to survive the pandemic, management strategies and adaptations are needed.

Effect of Amazon Sword (Echinodorus grisebachii) Plant Density on Specific Growth Rate of Platy Fish (Xiphophorus maculatus)

2023-05-21T11:29:31+00:00

This study aimed to determine the effect of Amazon sword plant density on the specific growth rate of platyfish. The research during April-May was carried out in the dry land lab of the Semiri islands, University of Nusa Cendana. Platy fish that use as many as 120 tails. The research method used a completely randomized design with four treatments and 3 replications. Control treatment (without plants; treatment A (using three root plants), treatment B (using five root plants), and treatment C (using seven root plants). The best treatment results were shown in treatment C with an absolute average weight value of 0. 35 g. ANOVA showed that the difference in the density of Amazon sword plants in rearing media affected platyfish's water quality and growth rate.

Effectiveness of Automatic Feeder in Catfish Cultivation (Clarias gariepinus) with Biofloc System

2024-02-26T21:53:18+00:00

Catfish is a popular fish species in the community and is cultivated by many people. Catfish are considered superior to other freshwater fish. One system that can improve catfish quality and ability is the biofloc system. Biofloc system is considered more effective compared to other systems because it increases the productivity of cultivated fish. Unfortunately, cultivation in general is considered a traditional system that only uses manpower to do all activities such as feeding. One application of feeding technology is automated feeding machines. This research is aimed to determine the effectiveness of the automatic feeder on catfish cultivation with biofloc system. The research method was experimental and compared 2 treatments, which were A (biofloc without an automatic feeder) and B (biofloc with an automatic feeder). Fish samples used were 5-7 cm in size and reared for 44 days at the cultivation pond of Marine and Fisheries Faculty, Udayana University. The results of this research are SGR, FCR, and SR. Based on the results, treatment B had better SGR (3.37%), FCR (2.03) and SR (45%) compared to treatment A. The conclusion of this research is the usage of automatic feeder in catfish cultivation with biofloc system has better results than without the usage of automatic feeder.

Identification of Eucheuma cottonii Seaweed Destruction Organisms at Geger Beach Nusa Dua, Bali

2024-02-26T23:59:00+00:00

Eucheuma cottonii seaweed cultivation in general has a problem that is the attack of disruptive organisms in the form of pests that can cause damage to seaweed plants. This study aims to find out the type, behavior and abundance of seaweed destruction organisms on Eucheuma cottonii. Observations were made at 3 points of stakes in the coastal waters of Geger Nusa Dua, Bali. Data collection was conducted through direct observation at the research site using the Underwater Visual Census (UVC) method. The results of the data collection found 19 families of organisms that were self-exposedfrom 17 families of disruptive organisms and 2 families of non-disruptive organisms from 3 points of observation. The disruptive organisms found were: Siganidae, Holothuridae, Pinguipedidae, Labridae, Blenniidae, Paralepididae, Trichiuridae, Palmariaceae, Ulvaceae, Siphonocladaceae, Cladophorales, Caulerpaceae, Halimedaceae, Gelidiaceae, Hypneaceae, Hydrocharitaceae and Corallinaceae. While non-disruptive organisms found were Engraulidae and Scorpaenidae. Disruptive organisms have individual living behaviors (solitary) and swimming habits of disruptive organisms that swim above and crevices of seaweed Eucheuma cottonii. Treatment of disruptive organisms that feed on talus and attach / epiphytes on the surface of seaweed talus Eucheuma cottonii. The conclusion is individual abundance in stake II had an abundance of disruptive organisms with the highest result of 3.88 ind/m2, while in stake I obtained the lowest abundance calculation of 2.34 ind/m2,and in stake III which was 2.62 ind/m2.

Mangrove Biodiversity In Tatengesan Village, Pusomaen District, Southeast Minahasa

2023-05-17T21:48:46+00:00

Mangrove forest is a type of forest that grows in coastal areas and river estuaries and has three functions, namely ecological, social, and economic functions. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of diversity of mangrove species in Tatengesan Village, Pusomaen District, Southeast Minahasa Regency. Observations were made on a transect with a size of 50 x 25 m consisting of 4 plots. Mangrove sampling was carried out using a plot with a size of 10 x 7 m, using a purposive sampling method. Ecological index analysis includes species diversity, uniformity, and dominance. There are 7 mangrove species namely Bruguiera gymnnorhiza, Rhizophora mangle, Kandelia obovata, Avicennia marina, Rhizophora mucronata, Languncularia racemose, and Ceriops tagal. The species diversity index at the biological level is low.