Disclosure of Stakeholder Engagement, Proportion of Women on The Board of Directors, and Profitability

Authors

  • Made Dany Mahendra Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Udayana.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24843/EJA.2026.v36.i05.p09

Keywords:

Proportion of Women, Board of Directors, Profitability, Theory of Feminism

Abstract

The tourism sector has a high dependence on social acceptance and stakeholder engagement, so sustainability practices are a strategic issue for companies. This study aims to analyze the influence of the proportion of women on the board of directors and the profitability of companies on the disclosure of stakeholder involvement in tourism sector companies in Indonesia. The study uses data on tourism companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2023–2024, with the measurement of stakeholder involvement referring to the GRI 2-29 indicator. The analysis was carried out through multiple linear regression with profitability as the control variable. The results showed that the proportion of women on the board of directors and the profitability of the company did not have a significant effect on the disclosure of stakeholder engagement. These findings indicate that women's representation on boards is still symbolic and has not been accompanied by a substantive role in driving sustainability practices. This study emphasizes the relevance of Feminism Theory in exposing the structural and cultural limitations of corporate governance in Indonesia's tourism sector.

References

Adams, C. A., & Harte, G. (1998). The changing portrayal of the employment of women in British banks' and retail companies' corporate annual reports. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 23(8), 781–812. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0361-3682(98)00028-2

Baldini, M., Dal Maso, L., Liberatore, G., Mazzi, F., & Terzani, S. (2018). Role of country- and firm-level determinants in environmental, social, and governance disclosure. Journal of Business Ethics, 150(1), 79–98. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-016-3139-1

Bear, S., Rahman, N., & Post, C. (2010). The impact of board diversity and gender composition on corporate social responsibility and firm reputation. Journal of Business Ethics, 97(2), 207–221. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-010-0505-2

Benschop, Y., & Meihuizen, H. E. (2002). Keeping up gendered appearances: Representations of gender in financial annual reports. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 27(7), 611–636. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0361-3682(01)00040-7

Broadbent, J. (1998). The gendered nature of "accounting logic": Pointers to an accounting that encompasses multiple values. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 9(3), 267–297. https://doi.org/10.1006/cpac.1997.0158

Broadbent, J., & Laughlin, R. (2009). Performance management systems: A conceptual model. Management Accounting Research, 20(4), 283–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mar.2009.04.001

Camilleri, M. A. (2020). The disclosure of social responsibility and environmental sustainability practices. Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal, 11(3), 497–530. https://doi.org/10.1108/SAMPJ-10-2018-0273

Dambrin, C., & Lambert, C. (2012). Who is she and who are we? A reflexive journey in research into the rarity of women in the highest ranks of accountancy. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 23(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpa.2011.06.006

Deegan, C. (2002). The legitimising effect of social and environmental disclosures – A theoretical foundation. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 15(3), 282–311. https://doi.org/10.1108/09513570210435852

Font, X., Walmsley, A., Cogotti, S., McCombes, L., & Häusler, N. (2016). Corporate social responsibility: The disclosure–performance gap. Tourism Management, 54, 130–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2015.11.006

Gołębiowska, K., Tkacz, P., & Urbanek, P. (2023). Board gender diversity and ESG disclosure: The role of critical mass. Journal of Business Research, 158, 113623. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.113623

Gray, R., Owen, D., & Adams, C. (2014). Accounting and accountability: Changes and challenges in corporate social and environmental reporting. Routledge.

Gujarati, D. N., & Porter, D. C. (2009). Basic econometrics (5th ed.). McGraw-Hill.

Haynes, K. (2008). Transforming identities: Accounting professionals and the transition to motherhood. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 19(5), 620–642. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpa.2007.04.003

Haynes, K. (2013). Sexuality and sexual symbolism as processes of gendered identity formation. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 26(3), 374–398. https://doi.org/10.1108/09513571311311861

Haynes, K. (2017). Accounting as gendering and gendered: A review of 25 years of critical accounting research on gender. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 43, 110–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpa.2016.06.004

Liao, L., Luo, L., & Tang, Q. (2015). Gender diversity, board independence, environmental committee and greenhouse gas disclosure. The British Accounting Review, 47(4), 409–424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bar.2014.01.002

Michelon, G. (2011). Sustainability disclosure and reputation: A comparative study. Corporate Reputation Review, 14(2), 79–96. https://doi.org/10.1057/crr.2011.10

Omenihu, A. O., Aderemi, A. A., & Oke, O. A. (2025). Board gender diversity, sustainability performance and firm profitability. Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society, 25(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1108/CG-08-2023-0334

Post, C., Rahman, N., & Rubow, E. (2011). Green governance: Boards of directors' composition and environmental corporate social responsibility. Business & Society, 50(1), 189–223. https://doi.org/10.1177/0007650310394642

Romo, L., Sánchez, I. M. G., & Álvarez, I. G. (2025). Women on boards and sustainability reporting quality: Evidence from tourism firms. Tourism Management, 94, 104642. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2023.104642

Sugiyono. (2019). Metode penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif, dan R&D. Alphabet.

Tahat, Y., & Hassanein, A. (2024). Board gender diversity and ESG controversies: Evidence from emerging markets. Journal of Accounting in Emerging Economies, 14(1), 45–67. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAEE-02-2023-0041

Terdpaopong, K., Wegmann, G., Kraiwanit, T., & Limna, P. (2024). Stakeholder engagement disclosure and firm legitimacy. Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal, 15(2), 289–312. https://doi.org/10.1108/SAMPJ-06-2022-0229

World Travel & Tourism Council. (2024a). Economic impact report 2024.

World Travel & Tourism Council. (2024b). Environmental and social research report.

Downloads

Published

02-06-2026

How to Cite

Mahendra, M. D. (2026). Disclosure of Stakeholder Engagement, Proportion of Women on The Board of Directors, and Profitability. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 36(5). https://doi.org/10.24843/EJA.2026.v36.i05.p09

Issue

Section

Articles